SystemServer分析

一 概述

SystemServer跟Zygote一样，是android中最重要的二个进程，是android中java世界的二大支柱；它们是相辅相成的，任何一个进程崩溃了都会导致android java世界的崩溃；因为java进程都是Zygote孵化出来的，zygote进程死了，其它java进程也就死了；如果这二个进程真的死了，则Linux系统中的进程init会重新启动以重新建立android java世界；通过ps命令我们可以看出，SystemServer在系统中的进程名为”system_server”，它和系统服务有着重要关系，它承载着framework的核心服务，如ActivityManageServer,PowerManagerService等。

1.1 SystemServer.main

system_server进程也是zygote进程孵化出来的，当zygote进程成功孵化出system_server进程后会调用SystemServer.main()方法

public final class SystemServer {
    ...
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //先初始化SystemServer对象，再调用对象的run()方法 [见1.2]
        new SystemServer().run();
    }
}

1.2 SystemServer.run

private void run() {
        try {
            //初始化系统时间
            if (System.currentTimeMillis() < EARLIEST_SUPPORTED_TIME) {
                Slog.w(TAG, "System clock is before 1970; setting to 1970.");
                SystemClock.setCurrentTimeMillis(EARLIEST_SUPPORTED_TIME);
            }
            ......

            //主线程初始化loop
            Looper.prepareMainLooper();
            //加载android_servers.so库，该库包含的源码在frameworks/base/services/目录下
            System.loadLibrary("android_servers");
           //检测上次关机过程是否失败
            performPendingShutdown();
            // 初始化上下方环境 [见1.3]
            createSystemContext();
            //创建系统服务管理
            mSystemServiceManager = new SystemServiceManager(mSystemContext);
            LocalServices.addService(SystemServiceManager.class, mSystemServiceManager);
        } finally {
            Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_SYSTEM_SERVER);
        }

        // 启动各种服务
        try {
            Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_SYSTEM_SERVER, "StartServices");
            startBootstrapServices(); //[见1.6]
            startCoreServices();//[见1.7]
            startOtherServices();//[见1.8]
        } catch (Throwable ex) {
            Slog.e("System", "******************************************");
            Slog.e("System", "************ Failure starting system services", ex);
            throw ex;
        } finally {
            Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_SYSTEM_SERVER);
        }
        //开启loop循环
        Looper.loop();
        throw new RuntimeException("Main thread loop unexpectedly exited");
    }

主要是初始化上下文环境，初始化各种核心服务

1.3 SystemServer.createSystemContext

private void createSystemContext() {
        //创建system_server进程运行的上下文环境 [见1.4]
        ActivityThread activityThread = ActivityThread.systemMain();
        mSystemContext = activityThread.getSystemContext();
        //设置主题
        mSystemContext.setTheme(DEFAULT_SYSTEM_THEME);
    }

通过ActivityThread这个类创建system_server进程运行的环境，这个类也是app进程创建成功后app运行的初始化类，在app进程创建成功后zygote会调用ActivityThread的main方法，进行app的初始化

1.4 ActivityThread.systemMain

[—>ActivityThread.java]

 public static ActivityThread systemMain() {
        ......
        ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread();
        //[见1.5]
        thread.attach(true);
        return thread;
    }

1.5 ActivityThread.systemMain

private void attach(boolean system) {
        sCurrentActivityThread = this;
        mSystemThread = system;
        //非系统服务进入，app初始化时会进入
        if (!system) {
            ......
        } else {
            //系统服务调用进入到这里
            android.ddm.DdmHandleAppName.setAppName("system_process",
                    UserHandle.myUserId());
            try {
                mInstrumentation = new Instrumentation();
                ContextImpl context = ContextImpl.createAppContext(
                        this, getSystemContext().mPackageInfo);
                mInitialApplication = context.mPackageInfo.makeApplication(true, null);
                mInitialApplication.onCreate();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(
                        "Unable to instantiate Application():" + e.toString(), e);
            }
        }
           ......
            @Override
            public void onLowMemory() {
            }
            @Override
            public void onTrimMemory(int level) {
            }
        });
    }

这里还是初始化环境，创建Instrumentation,ContextImpl,LoadedApk,Application等重要核心类

1.6 SystemServer.startBootstrapServices

private void startBootstrapServices() {
    ......
    //启动服务ActivityManagerService
    mActivityManagerService = mSystemServiceManager.startService(
            ActivityManagerService.Lifecycle.class).getService();
    mActivityManagerService.setSystemServiceManager(mSystemServiceManager);
    mActivityManagerService.setInstaller(installer);

    //启动服务PowerManagerService
    mPowerManagerService = mSystemServiceManager.startService(PowerManagerService.class);

    //初始化power management
    mActivityManagerService.initPowerManagement();

    //启动服务LightsService
    mSystemServiceManager.startService(LightsService.class);

    //启动服务DisplayManagerService
    mDisplayManagerService = mSystemServiceManager.startService(DisplayManagerService.class);
    ......
    //启动服务PackageManagerService
    mPackageManagerService = PackageManagerService.main(mSystemContext, installer,
            mFactoryTestMode != FactoryTest.FACTORY_TEST_OFF, mOnlyCore);
    mFirstBoot = mPackageManagerService.isFirstBoot();
    mPackageManager = mSystemContext.getPackageManager();

    //启动服务UserManagerService，新建目录/data/user/
    ServiceManager.addService(Context.USER_SERVICE, UserManagerService.getInstance());

    AttributeCache.init(mSystemContext);

    //设置AMS,这个方法将ams添加到ServiceManager管理器中
    mActivityManagerService.setSystemProcess();

    //启动传感器服务
    startSensorService();
}

1.7 SystemServer.startCoreServices

private void startCoreServices() {
    //启动服务BatteryService，用于统计电池电量，需要LightService.
    mSystemServiceManager.startService(BatteryService.class);

    //启动服务UsageStatsService，用于统计应用使用情况
    mSystemServiceManager.startService(UsageStatsService.class);
    mActivityManagerService.setUsageStatsManager(
            LocalServices.getService(UsageStatsManagerInternal.class));

    mPackageManagerService.getUsageStatsIfNoPackageUsageInfo();

    //启动服务WebViewUpdateService
    mSystemServiceManager.startService(WebViewUpdateService.class);
}

1.8 SystemServer.startOtherServices

private void startOtherServices() {
        ...
        watchdog.init(context, mActivityManagerService); 
        inputManager = new InputManagerService(context); // input
        wm = WindowManagerService.main(...); // window
        inputManager.start();  //启动input
        mDisplayManagerService.windowManagerAndInputReady();
        ...
        mSystemServiceManager.startService(MOUNT_SERVICE_CLASS); // mount
        mPackageManagerService.performBootDexOpt();  // dexopt操作
        ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().showBootMessage(...); //显示启动界面
        ...
        statusBar = new StatusBarManagerService(context, wm); //statusBar
        //dropbox
        ServiceManager.addService(Context.DROPBOX_SERVICE,
                    new DropBoxManagerService(context, new File("/data/system/dropbox")));
         mSystemServiceManager.startService(JobSchedulerService.class); //JobScheduler
         lockSettings.systemReady(); 

        mSystemServiceManager.startBootPhase(SystemService.PHASE_LOCK_SETTINGS_READY);
        mSystemServiceManager.startBootPhase(SystemService.PHASE_SYSTEM_SERVICES_READY);
        ...
        // 准备好window, power, package, display服务
        wm.systemReady();
        mPowerManagerService.systemReady(...);
        mPackageManagerService.systemReady();
        mDisplayManagerService.systemReady(...);
        mActivityManagerService.systemReady(...);
    }

到此，system_server进程的工作完成，进入Looper.loop状态，等待其它线程通过handler发送消息到主线程进行处理。

二 服务类别

system_server进程中的服务类别可以划分为引导服务，核心服务，其它服务三类，所有系统服务多达80余种

• 引导服务：ActivityManagerService,PowerManagerService,LightService,DisplayManagerService,PackageManagerService,UserManagerService,SensorService;
• 核心服务：BatterService,UsageStatsService,WebViewUpdateService;
• 其它服务：AlarmManagerService,VibratorService等