@Qualifier、@Autowired、@Resource的区别

@Qualifier

@Qualifier 可以让程序员明确指明需要那个bean，我们直接看代码
User类

public interface User {
}

User1类

@Component
public class User1 implements User{
}

User2类

@Component
public class User2 implements User{
}

UserService类

@Component
public class UserService {

    @Autowired
    private User user;

    public void test() {
        System.out.println(user);
    }
}

DemoApplication类main方法

public static void main(String[] args) {
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext("com.shadow.anno.demo");
        UserService userService = applicationContext.getBean(UserService.class);
        userService.test();
    }

运行后我们会看到如下错误信息

Exception in thread "main" org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'userService': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'user'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.shadow.anno.demo.User' available: expected single matching bean but found 2: user1,user2
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:598)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:90)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessProperties(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:376)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1404)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:592)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:515)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:320)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:226)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:318)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:199)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:860)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:878)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:550)
	at org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext.<init>(AnnotationConfigApplicationContext.java:101)
	at com.shadow.anno.demo.DemoApplication.main(DemoApplication.java:13)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.shadow.anno.demo.User' available: expected single matching bean but found 2: user1,user2
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.config.DependencyDescriptor.resolveNotUnique(DependencyDescriptor.java:221)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1249)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1191)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:595)
	... 14 more

这是由于我们程序中User类有User1和User2类两个实现，spring注入时会找到多个bean，于是报错，这里我们可以有集中解决方案：

1. 给User1或User2类添加@Primary(这里在User1上添加，便于区分)

@Component
@Primary
public class User1 implements User{
}

我们运行后看到可以正常打印user的值，值为User1对象的实例

2. 给UserService的user属性添加@Qualifier(这里用user2)，并标明要使用的beanName，修改后如下代码

@Component
public class UserService {

    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("user2")
    private User user;

    public void test() {
        System.out.println(user);
    }
}

我们运行后看到可以正常打印user的值，值为User2对象的实例

@Autowired

@Autowired注入是先byType，如果找到多个bean之后再进行byName，也就是说，他优先根据类型进行注入，当找到多个bean时，再根据name来进行注入，它是由Spring提供的注解，由AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor类来解析的，解析代码在postProcessMergedBeanDefinition方法中，他可以写在构造方法、普通方法（静态方法无效）、方法参数、属性（静态属性无效）、注解上

@Resource

@Resource注入是byName，它是由jdk提供的注解，由CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor类来解析，解析代码在postProcessMergedBeanDefinition方法中，他可以写在类、普通方法（静态方法无效）、属性（静态属性无效）上