swift 无法直接访问 c 语言的Struct。只能通过指针的方式访问。
///-----例子1开始-------
The c Lib API : mycapi.h
<code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Monaco, "Lucida Console", "Liberation Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", monospace, sans-serif; white-space: inherit;"><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 139);">typedef</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;"> </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 139);">struct</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;">{</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;"> </span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(43, 145, 175);">int</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;"> itype</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;">;</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;"> </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 139);">double</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;"> </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;">*</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;"> dx</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;">;</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;"> </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 139);">double</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;"> </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;">*</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;"> dy</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;">;</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;"> </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;">}</span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(43, 145, 175);">MyObjInfo</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;">;</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;"> </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 139);">typedef</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;"> </span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(43, 145, 175);">MyObjInfo</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;"> </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;">*</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;"> </span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(43, 145, 175);">MyObjHandle</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;">;</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;"> </span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(43, 145, 175);">MyObjHandle</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;"> </span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(43, 145, 175);">MyObjInit</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;">(</span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 139);">const</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;"> </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 139);">char</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;"> </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;">*</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;">pFile</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;">);</span></code>
add myapi.h as module
my Swift code :
<code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Monaco, "Lucida Console", "Liberation Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", monospace, sans-serif; white-space: inherit;"><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 139);">import</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;"> </span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(43, 145, 175);">Foundation</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;"> </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 139);">import</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;"> mycapiModule var h</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;">:</span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(43, 145, 175);">MyObjHandle</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;"> </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;">=</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;"> </span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(43, 145, 175);">MyObjInit</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;">(</span><span class="str" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: maroon;">"/home/a"</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;">)</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;"> var o</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;">:</span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(43, 145, 175);">MyObjInfo</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;"> </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;">=</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;"> h</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;">.</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;">memory </span><span class="com" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: gray;">to do somethings</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;"> </span><span class="com" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: gray;">//...</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;"> h</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;">.</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;">destroy</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;">()</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;"> h </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;">=</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;"> nil print</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;">(</span><span class="str" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: maroon;">"\(o.itype)"</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: black;">)</span></code>///-----例子1结束-------
在C函数定义的需要使用的Struct
typedef struct my_struct {
unsigned char buffer[10];
} my_struct;
void my_struct_init(my_struct *my_s) {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
my_s->buffer[i] = (char) i;
}
}
In Swift, we have two options:
1. Struct on the stack
var my_s: my_struct = ...
However, we have to initialize it somehow. Every struct has a default initializer
var my_s: my_struct = my_struct(buffer: (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0))
Note that in this case the buffer[10]
has been translated to Swift as a 10-tuple
.
Now we can call:
my_struct_init(&my_s)
println("Buffer: \(my_s.buffer)") // Buffer: (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
However, the more complex is the struct, the more difficult is to use the default initializer.
2. Struct on the heap
This is similar to using malloc
and free
in C:
var my_s_pointer = UnsafeMutablePointer<my_struct>.alloc(1)
println("Buffer: \(my_s.buffer)") // Buffer: (some random values)
my_struct_init(my_s_pointer)
println("Buffer: \(my_s_pointer.memory.buffer)") // Buffer: (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
my_s_pointer.destroy()
Combine both approaches
The following function will initialize any struct:
func initStruct<S>() -> S {
let struct_pointer = UnsafeMutablePointer<S>.alloc(1)
let struct_memory = struct_pointer.memory
struct_pointer.destroy()
return struct_memory
}
var my_s: my_struct = initStruct()
my_struct_init(&my_s)
C Struct 转义方法
func blankof<T>(type:T.Type) ->T {
let ptr =UnsafeMutablePointer<T>.alloc(sizeof(T))
let val = ptr.memory
ptr.destroy()
return val
}
var fs =blankof(C_Struct)
test(&fs))
在bridging-header中 需要定义 在Swift中使用的Struct 文件。
Bridging-Header.h
<code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Monaco, "Lucida Console", "Liberation Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", monospace, sans-serif; white-space: inherit;">#include "user_input.h" </code>
user_input.c
#include <stdlib.h>
struct Pointer {
int x;
int y;
};
Pointer *create_pointer() {
Pointer *p = malloc(sizeof(struct Pointer));
if (p) {
p->x = 20;
p->y = 20;
}
return p;
}
void delete_pointer(Pointer *p) {
free(p);
}
int pointer_x(Pointer *p) {
return p->x;
}
int pointer_y(Pointer *p) {
return p->y;
}
user_input.h
#ifndef __user_input_h__
#define __user_input_h__
typedef struct Pointer Pointer;
Pointer *create_pointer();
void delete_pointer(Pointer *p);
int pointer_x(Pointer *p);
int pointer_y(Pointer *p);
#endif
main.swift
<code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Monaco, "Lucida Console", "Liberation Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", monospace, sans-serif; white-space: inherit;">import Foundation var pointer: COpaquePointer = create_pointer() println("\(pointer_x(pointer)), \(pointer_y(pointer))") delete_pointer(pointer) // Writing the wrapper class could be helpful. class CPointer { var _ptr: COpaquePointer init() { _ptr = create_pointer() assert(_ptr, "Failed on create_pointer()") } deinit { delete_pointer(_ptr) } var x: Int { get { return Int(pointer_x(_ptr)) } } var y: Int { get { return Int(pointer_y(_ptr)) } } } var p = CPointer() println("\(p.x), \(p.y)")</code>