一、概述
在Struts1.X的版本中加入了对异常的处理 Exception Handling,有了它就不需要我们用try/catch等捕获异常,一旦出现了我们已经定义的异常那么就会转到相应得页面,并且携带定制的信息。Struts框架提供了默认的异常处理org.apache.struts.action.ExceptionHandler,它的execute()方法负责处理异常。在需要实现自定义处理时重写方法,可以在配置文件定义由谁来处理Action类中掷出的某种异常。
二、Struts框架处理异常的流程
struts的控制器负责捕获各种异常,包括控制器运行中本身抛出的异常,以及调用模型的业务方法时抛出的异常。当struts的控制器捕获到异常后,在异常处理代码块中,创建描述信息的actionMessage对象把它保存在acionMessages(或其子类actionErrors)对象中,然后把actionMessage保存在特定范围(配置文件中的scope)。然后可以用<html:errors />检索特定范围内的actionMessages对象
三、实现步骤
- 创建自己的异常处理类
- package com.fengzhiyin.common;
- import javax.servlet.ServletException;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
- import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
- import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
- import org.apache.struts.Globals;
- import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
- import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
- import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
- import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMessage;
- import org.apache.struts.config.ExceptionConfig;
- import org.apache.struts.util.ModuleException;
- public class ExceptionHandler extends org.apache.struts.action.ExceptionHandler {
- /**
- * Logger for this class
- */
- private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(ExceptionHandler.class);
- /*
- * (non-Javadoc)
- */
- @Override
- public ActionForward execute(Exception ex, ExceptionConfig config, ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm formInstance, HttpServletRequest request,
- HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException {
- if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
- logger.debug("execute(Exception, ExceptionConfig, ActionMapping, ActionForm, HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse) - start");
- }
- logger.warn("action exception.", ex);
- String f = (String) request.getAttribute("exceptionForward");
- request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.jsp.jspException", ex);
- ActionForward forward = null;
- ActionMessage error = null;
- String property = null;
- // Build the forward from the exception mapping if it exists
- // or from the form input
- if (config.getPath() != null) {
- forward = new ActionForward(config.getPath());
- } else if (f != null) {
- forward = f.indexOf(".jsp") == -1 ? mapping.findForward(f) : new ActionForward(f);
- } else {
- forward = mapping.getInputForward();
- }
- // Figure out the error
- if (ex instanceof ModuleException) {
- error = ((ModuleException) ex).getActionMessage();
- property = ((ModuleException) ex).getProperty();
- } else {
- error = new ActionMessage(config.getKey(), ex.getMessage());
- property = error.getKey();
- }
- this.logException(ex);
- // Store the exception
- request.setAttribute(Globals.EXCEPTION_KEY, ex);
- this.storeException(request, property, error, forward, config.getScope());
- if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
- logger.debug("execute(Exception, ExceptionConfig, ActionMapping, ActionForm, HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse) - end");
- }
- return forward;
- }
- }
package com.fengzhiyin.common; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.apache.commons.logging.Log; import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory; import org.apache.struts.Globals; import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm; import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward; import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping; import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMessage; import org.apache.struts.config.ExceptionConfig; import org.apache.struts.util.ModuleException; public class ExceptionHandler extends org.apache.struts.action.ExceptionHandler { /** * Logger for this class */ private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(ExceptionHandler.class); /* * (non-Javadoc) */ @Override public ActionForward execute(Exception ex, ExceptionConfig config, ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm formInstance, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException { if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("execute(Exception, ExceptionConfig, ActionMapping, ActionForm, HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse) - start"); } logger.warn("action exception.", ex); String f = (String) request.getAttribute("exceptionForward"); request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.jsp.jspException", ex); ActionForward forward = null; ActionMessage error = null; String property = null; // Build the forward from the exception mapping if it exists // or from the form input if (config.getPath() != null) { forward = new ActionForward(config.getPath()); } else if (f != null) { forward = f.indexOf(".jsp") == -1 ? mapping.findForward(f) : new ActionForward(f); } else { forward = mapping.getInputForward(); } // Figure out the error if (ex instanceof ModuleException) { error = ((ModuleException) ex).getActionMessage(); property = ((ModuleException) ex).getProperty(); } else { error = new ActionMessage(config.getKey(), ex.getMessage()); property = error.getKey(); } this.logException(ex); // Store the exception request.setAttribute(Globals.EXCEPTION_KEY, ex); this.storeException(request, property, error, forward, config.getScope()); if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("execute(Exception, ExceptionConfig, ActionMapping, ActionForm, HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse) - end"); } return forward; } }
- 定义异常处理配置文件
全局异常 在struts-config.xml中定义<global-exceptions />- <global-exceptions><!-- 元素可以包含一个或者多个<exception> -->
- <exception
- key="error.common"<!-- <message-resources parameter="MessageResources" />中的key -->
- type="com.fengzhiyin.exception.ExistException"<!-- 指定需要处理异常类的名字 -->
- handler="com.bjnv.water.common.ExceptionHandler" <!-- 指定异常处理类默认是ExceptionHandler -->
- path="/jsp/common/error.jsp"<!-- 指定当前异常发生的时候转发的路径 -->
- scope="request"><!-- 指定ActionMessages实例存放的范围 -->
- </exception>
- </global-exceptions>
<global-exceptions><!-- 元素可以包含一个或者多个<exception> --> <exception key="error.common"<!-- <message-resources parameter="MessageResources" />中的key --> type="com.fengzhiyin.exception.ExistException"<!-- 指定需要处理异常类的名字 --> handler="com.bjnv.water.common.ExceptionHandler" <!-- 指定异常处理类默认是ExceptionHandler --> path="/jsp/common/error.jsp"<!-- 指定当前异常发生的时候转发的路径 --> scope="request"><!-- 指定ActionMessages实例存放的范围 --> </exception> </global-exceptions>
上述代码在struts-config.xml中定义了一个全局异常,它的作用是抛出ExistException(本处的意思是当在添加用户时候发现该用户名已经存在)异常的时候返回到error.jsp中,并且携带自定的比较规范的异常信息expired.existName,expired.existName可以在应用程序的资源配置文件中找到,如:
expired.existName=你要添加的用户名称已经存在,请添加新的名称!
局部异常 在struts-config.xml中定义<global-exceptions />
- <action-mappings>
- <action path=”/waterUser”
- type=”**Action”
- name=”*Form”>
- <exception key=”<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: x-small">expired.existName</SPAN>”
- type=” com.fengzhiyin.exception.ExistException”
- path=”/error.jsp”/>
- <forward name=”success” path=”***”/>
- </action>
- </action-mappings>
<action-mappings> <action path=”/waterUser” type=”**Action” name=”*Form”> <exception key=”expired.existName” type=” com.fengzhiyin.exception.ExistException” path=”/error.jsp”/> <forward name=”success” path=”***”/> </action> </action-mappings>
- 创建异常信息显示页面
- <%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld" prefix="bean" %>
- <%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-logic.tld" prefix="logic" %>
- <%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld" prefix="html" %>
- <html:html locale="true">
- <head>
- <title> Exception Handler</title>
- <html:base />
- </head>
- <body>
- <h1>系统出现一个意外</h1>
- 请将下面的提示信息反馈给你的系统管理员:<br>
- <html:errors /> <!--将在这里显示”<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: x-small; COLOR: #0000ff">你要添加的用户名称已经存在,请添加新的名称!</SPAN>”-->
- </body>
- </html:html>
<%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld" prefix="bean" %> <%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-logic.tld" prefix="logic" %> <%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld" prefix="html" %> <html:html locale="true"> <head> <title> Exception Handler</title> <html:base /> </head> <body> <h1>系统出现一个意外</h1> 请将下面的提示信息反馈给你的系统管理员:<br> <html:errors /> <!--将在这里显示”你要添加的用户名称已经存在,请添加新的名称!”--> </body> </html:html>
- 创建测试action
- public class **Action extends BaseAction {
- public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping,
- ActionForm form,
- HttpServletRequest request,
- HttpServletResponse response)throws Exception {
- throw com.fengzhiyin.exception.ExistException();
- }
- }
转http://fengzhiyin.iteye.com/blog/432182public class **Action extends BaseAction { public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)throws Exception { throw com.fengzhiyin.exception.ExistException(); } }