/etc/DIR_COLORS 文件的介绍

# Below are the color init strings for the basic file types. A color init
# string consists of one or more of the following numeric codes:
# Attribute codes: 
# 00=none 01=bold 04=underscore 05=blink 07=reverse 08=concealed
# Text color codes:
# 30=black 31=red 32=green 33=yellow 34=blue 35=magenta 36=cyan 37=white
# Background color codes:
# 40=black 41=red 42=green 43=yellow 44=blue 45=magenta 46=cyan 47=white 
di   表示目录
ln   表示连接
or   表示坏掉的连接
ow  表示权限是 777 的目录
ex   表示可执行文件 

##########################################################
/etc/DIR_COLORS 文件类型
NORMAL 00        # global default, although everything should be something.
FILE 00          # normal file
DIR 01;34        # directory
LINK 01;36       # symbolic link
FIFO 40;33       # pipe
SOCK 01;35       # socket
BLK 40;33;01     # block device driver
CHR 40;33;01     # character device driver
ORPHAN 01;05;37;41   # orphaned syminks
MISSING 01;05;37;41 # ... and the files they point to
.cmd 01;32 # executables (bright green)
.exe 01;32
.com 01;32
.btm 01;32
.bat 01;32
.sh   01;32
.csh 01;32
.tar 01;31 # archives or compressed (bright red)
.tgz 01;31
.arj 01;31
.taz 01;31
.lzh 01;31
.zip 01;31
.z    01;31
.Z    01;31
.gz   01;31
.bz2 01;31
.bz   01;31
.tz   01;31
.rpm 01;31
.cpio 01;31
.jpg 01;35 # image formats
.gif 01;35
.bmp 01;35
.xbm 01;35
.xpm 01;35
.png 01;35
.tif 01;35
##########################################################
Linux / Unix Command: dir_colors

NAMEdir_colors - configuration file for 
dircolors
(1)   
DESCRIPTIONThe program 
ls
(1) uses the environment variable  LS_COLORS  to determine the colors in which the filenames are to be displayed. This environment variable is usually set by a command like 
eval `dircolors some_path/dir_colors` 
found in a system default shell initialization file, like  /etc/profile  or  /etc/csh.cshrc . (See also 
dircolors
(1).) Usually, the file used here is  /etc/DIR_COLORS  and can be overridden by a  .dir_colors  file in one's home directory. 
This configuration file consists of several statements, one per line. Anything right of a hash mark (#) is treated as a comment, if the hash mark is at the beginning of a line or is preceded by at least one whitespace. Blank lines are ignored. 
The  global  section of the file consists of any statement before the first  TERM  statement. Any statement in the global section of the file is considered valid for all terminal types. Following the global section is one or more  terminal-specific  sections, preceded by one or more  TERM  statements which specify the terminal types (as given by the  TERM  environment variable) the following declarations apply to. It is always possible to override a global declaration by a subsequent terminal-specific one. 
The following statements are recognized; case is insignificant: 
TERM  terminal-type  
Starts a terminal-specific section and specifies which terminal it applies to. Multiple  TERM  statements can be used to create a section which applies for several terminal types. 
COLOR yes|all|no|none|tty  
(Slackware only; ignored by GNU 
dircolors
(1).) Specifies that colorization should always be enabled ( yes  or  all ), never enabled ( no  or  none ), or enabled only if the output is a terminal ( tty ). The default is  no . 
EIGHTBIT yes|no  
(Slackware only; ignored by GNU 
dircolors
(1).) Specifies that eight-bit ISO 8859 characters should be enabled by default. For compatibility reasons, this can also be specified as 1 for  yes  or 0 for  no . The default is  no . 
OPTIONS  options  
(Slackware only; ignored by GNU 
dircolors
(1).) Adds command line options to the default  ls  command line. The options can be any valid  ls command line options, and should include the leading minus sign. Please note that  dircolors  does not verify the validity of these options. 
NORMAL  color-sequence  
Specifies the color used for normal (non-filename) text. 
FILE  color-sequence  
Specifies the color used for a regular file. 
DIR  color-sequence  
Specifies the color used for directories. 
LINK  color-sequence  
Specifies the color used for a symbolic link. 
ORPHAN  color-sequence  
Specifies the color used for an orphaned symbolic link (one which points to a nonexistent file). If this is unspecified,  ls  will use the  LINK  color instead. 
MISSING  color-sequence  
Specifies the color used for a missing file (a nonexistent file which nevertheless has a symbolic link pointing to it). If this is unspecified,  ls  will use the  FILE  color instead. 
FIFO  color-sequence  
Specifies the color used for a FIFO (named pipe). 
SOCK  color-sequence  
Specifies the color used for a socket. 
DOOR  color-sequence  
(Supported since file-utils 4.1) Specifies the color used for a door (Solaris 2.5 and later). 
BLK  color-sequence  
Specifies the color used for a block device special file. 
CHR  color-sequence  
Specifies the color used for a character device special file. 
EXEC  color-sequence  
Specifies the color used for a file with the executable attribute set. 
LEFTCODE  color-sequence  
Specifies the  left code  for non-ISO 6429 terminals (see below). 
RIGHTCODE  color-sequence  
Specifies the  right code  for non-ISO 6429 terminals (see below). 
ENDCODE  color-sequence  
Specifies the  end code  for non-ISO 6429 terminals (see below). 
* extension   color-sequence  
Specifies the color used for any file that ends in  extension . 
. extension   color-sequence  
Same as  * . extension . Specifies the color used for any file that ends in . extension . Note that the period is included in the extension, which makes it impossible to specify an extension not starting with a period, such as  ~  for  emacs  backup files. This form should be considered obsolete.   
ISO 6429 (ANSI) COLOR SEQUENCESMost color-capable ASCII terminals today use ISO 6429 (ANSI) color sequences, and many common terminals without color capability, including  xterm  and the widely used and cloned DEC VT100, will recognize ISO 6429 color codes and harmlessly eliminate them from the output or emulate them.  ls  uses ISO 6429 codes by default, assuming colorization is enabled. 
ISO 6429 color sequences are composed of sequences of numbers separated by semicolons. The most common codes are: 
0     to restore default color
1     for brighter colors 
4     for underlined text
5     for flashing text
30     for black foreground
31     for red foreground
32     for green foreground
33     for yellow (or brown) foreground
34     for blue foreground
35     for purple foreground
36     for cyan foreground
37     for white (or gray) foreground
40     for black background
41     for red background
42     for green background
43     for yellow (or brown) background
44     for blue background
45     for purple background
46     for cyan background
47     for white (or gray) background
Not all commands will work on all systems or display devices. 
ls  uses the following defaults: 
NORMAL    0       Normal (non-filename) text
FILE      0       Regular file
DIR       32      Directory
LINK      36      Symbolic link
ORPHAN    undefined       Orphanned symbolic link
MISSING   undefined       Missing file
FIFO      31      Named pipe (FIFO)
SOCK      33      Socket
BLK       44;37   Block device
CHR       44;37   Character device
EXEC      35      Executable file
A few terminal programs do not recognize the default properly. If all text gets colorized after you do a directory listing, change the  NORMAL  and  FILE  codes to the numerical codes for your normal foreground and background colors.   
OTHER TERMINAL TYPES (ADVANCED CONFIGURATION)If you have a color-capable (or otherwise highlighting) terminal (or printer!) which uses a different set of codes, you can still generate a suitable setup. To do so, you will have to use the  LEFTCODE ,  RIGHTCODE , and  ENDCODE  definitions. 
When writing out a filename,  ls  generates the following output sequence:  LEFTCODE   typecode RIGHTCODE   filename   ENDCODE , where the  typecode  is the color sequence that depends on the type or name of file. If the  ENDCODE  is undefined, the sequence  LEFTCODE NORMAL RIGHTCODE  will be used instead. The purpose of the left- and rightcodes is merely to reduce the amount of typing necessary (and to hide ugly escape codes away from the user). If they are not appropriate for your terminal, you can eliminate them by specifying the respective keyword on a line by itself. 
NOTE:  If the  ENDCODE  is defined in the global section of the setup file, it  cannot  be undefined in a terminal-specific section of the file. This means any  NORMAL  definition will have no effect. A different ENDCODE  can, however, be specified, which would have the same effect.   
ESCAPE SEQUENCESTo specify control- or blank characters in the color sequences or filename extensions, either C-style \-escaped notation or  stty -style ^-notation can be used. The C-style notation includes the following characters: 
\a       Bell (ASCII 7)
\b       Backspace (ASCII 8)
\e       Escape (ASCII 27)
\f       Form feed (ASCII 12)
\n       Newline (ASCII 10)
\r       Carriage Return (ASCII 13)
\t       Tab (ASCII 9)
\v       Vertical Tab (ASCII 11)
\?       Delete (ASCII 127)
\ nnn  Any character (octal notation)
\x nnn         Any character (hexadecimal notation)
\_       Space
\\      Backslash (\)
\^       Caret (^)
\#       Hash mark (#)

Please note that escapes are necessary to enter a space, backslash, caret, or any control character anywhere in the string, as well as a hash mark as the first character. 

==============================================================================

修改ls目录的颜色

linux系统默认目录颜色是蓝色的，在黑背景下看不清楚，可以通过以下2种方法修改ls查看的颜色

方法一：

1、在~/.bash_profile文件中添加LS_COLORS

 　 export LS_COLORS='no=00:fi=00:di=01;33:ln=01;36:pi=40;33:so=01;35:bd=40;33;01:cd=40;33;01:or=01;05;37;41:mi=01;05;37;41:ex=01;35:*.cmd=01;35:*.exe=01;35:*.com=01;35:*.btm=01;35:*.bat=01;35:*.sh=01;35:*.csh=01;35:*.tar=01;31:*.tgz=01;31:*.arj=01;31:*.taz=01;31:*.lzh=01;31:*.zip=01;31:*.z=01;31:*.Z=01;31:*.gz=01;31:*.bz2=01;31:*.bz=01;31:*.tz=01;31:*.rpm=01;31:*.cpio=01;31:*.jpg=01;35:*.gif=01;35:*.bmp=01;35:*.xbm=01;35:*.xpm=01;35:*.png=01;35:*.tif=01;35:'

 2、source ~/.bash_profile即可

方法二：

1、拷贝/etc/DIR_COLORS文件为当前主目录的 .dir_colors

      cp /etc/DIR_COLORS ~/.dir_colors

2、修改~/.dir_colors中DIR对应的颜色

      vim ~/.dir_colors

      第59行：DIR 01;34（01：粗体，34：蓝色）

      修改为：DIR 01;33（01：粗体，33：黄色）

解释

1、文件类型
   1）直接用，有以下几种：
        no 　　　NORMAL, NORM 全局默认
        fi　　　　FILE 普通文件
        di 　　　 DIR 目录
        ln　　　　SYMLINK, LINK, LNK 链接
        pi　　　　FIFO, PIPE 管道
        do　　　　DOOR Door
        bd　　　　BLOCK, BLK 块设备
        cd　　　　CHAR, CHR 字符设备
        or　　　　ORPHAN 目标不存在到符号链接
        so　　　　SOCK 套接字Socket
        su　　　　SETUID 属主setuid有效的文件
        sg　　　　SETGID 属组setuid有效到文件
        tw　　　　STICKY_OTHER_WRITABLE Directory that is sticky and other-writable ( t,o w)
        ow　　　　OTHER_WRITABLE Directory that is other-writable (o w) and not sticky
        st　　　　STICKY Directory with the sticky bit set ( t) and not other-writable
        ex　　　　EXEC Executable file (i.e. has ‘x’ set in permissions)
        mi　　　　MISSING Non-existent file pointed to by a symbolic link (visible when you type ls -l)
        lc　　　　 LEFTCODE, LEFT Opening terminal code
        rc 　　　　RIGHTCODE, RIGHT Closing terminal code
        ec　　　　ENDCODE, END Non-filename text    
    2）扩展名通过“.”加上扩展名
    　 *.extension Every file using this extension e.g. *.jpg
2、效果的具体代码如下
    * 效果列表：
          00 　　　　默认
          01 　　　　加粗
          04 　　　　下划线
          05 　　　　闪烁
          07 　　　　反显
          08 　　　　隐藏
    * 颜色列表：
          31～37　　　　分别表示前景色为红、绿、橙、蓝、紫、青、灰
          90～97　　　　分别表示前景色为深灰、淡红、淡绿、黄色、淡蓝、淡紫、青绿、白色
          40～47　　　　分别表示背景色为黑、红、绿、橙、蓝、紫、青、灰
          100～106　　　分别表示背景色为深灰、淡红、淡绿、黄色、淡蓝、淡紫、青绿