二、MySQL数据库安装

一、查看要安装mysql的Linux系统版本

[root@host125 etc]# cat /etc/os-release 
NAME="CentOS Linux"
VERSION="8"
ID="centos"
ID_LIKE="rhel fedora"
VERSION_ID="8"
PLATFORM_ID="platform:el8"
PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Linux 8"
ANSI_COLOR="0;31"
CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:8"
HOME_URL="https://centos.org/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.centos.org/"
CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT="CentOS-8"
CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT_VERSION="8"

二、下载MySQL rpm
https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

三、安装
查看mysql官方安装教程文档

[root@host125 install]# ls -l mysql*
-rw-rw-r--. 1 wuzb wuzb 14692316 12月 19 09:14 mysql-community-client-8.0.27-1.el8.x86_64.rpm
-rw-rw-r--. 1 wuzb wuzb   645452 12月 19 09:03 mysql-community-common-8.0.27-1.el8.x86_64.rpm
-rw-rw-r--. 1 wuzb wuzb  1565372 12月 19 09:14 mysql-community-libs-8.0.27-1.el8.x86_64.rpm
-rw-rw-r--. 1 wuzb wuzb 55964292 12月 19 09:01 mysql-community-server-8.0.27-1.el8.x86_64.rpm
[root@host125 install]# 
[root@host125 install]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-8.0.27-1.el8.x86_64.rpm
警告：mysql-community-common-8.0.27-1.el8.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Verifying...                          ################################# [100%]
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:mysql-community-common-8.0.27-1.e################################# [100%]

[root@host125 install]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-8.0.27-1.el8.x86_64.rpm --force --nodeps
警告：mysql-community-libs-8.0.27-1.el8.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Verifying...                          ################################# [100%]
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:mysql-community-libs-8.0.27-1.el8################################# [100%]

[root@host125 install]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-8.0.27-1.el8.x86_64.rpm --force --nodeps
警告：mysql-community-client-8.0.27-1.el8.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Verifying...                          ################################# [100%]
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:mysql-community-client-8.0.27-1.e################################# [100%]

[root@host125 install]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-8.0.27-1.el8.x86_64.rpm --force --nodeps
警告：mysql-community-client-8.0.27-1.el8.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Verifying...                          ################################# [100%]
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:mysql-community-client-8.0.27-1.e################################# [100%]
[root@host125 install]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.27-1.el8.x86_64.rpm
警告：mysql-community-server-8.0.27-1.el8.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Verifying...                          ################################# [100%]
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:mysql-community-server-8.0.27-1.e################################# [100%]
[/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/mysql.conf:23] Line references path below legacy directory /var/run/, updating /var/run/mysqld → /run/mysqld; please update the tmpfiles.d/ drop-in file accordingly.

安装完成后会创建以下内容

四、查看是否安装成功

[root@host125 install]# rpm -aq|grep mysql
mysql-community-common-8.0.27-1.el8.x86_64
mysql-community-client-8.0.27-1.el8.x86_64
mysql-community-server-8.0.27-1.el8.x86_64
mysql-community-libs-8.0.27-1.el8.x86_64

还有以下方式也可查看：

• ps -ef | grep mysql

• cat /etc/group | grep mysql

• cat /etc/password | grep mysql

• mysqladmin --version

五、初始化mysql

[root@host125 mysql]# mysqld --initialize //创建数据文件目录和mysql系统数据库 产生随机root密码

六、启动

[root@host125 mysql]# systemctl start mysqld
Job for mysqld.service failed because the control process exited with error code.
See "systemctl status mysqld.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.

哦豁，报错了。别急，查看报错日志

[root@host125 mysql]# view /var/log/mysqld.log
2021-12-19T14:31:55.430093Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.27) initializing of server in progress as process 35122
2021-12-19T14:31:55.450191Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2021-12-19T14:31:56.205957Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2021-12-19T14:31:57.546533Z 0 [Warning] [MY-013746] [Server] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1 is enabled for channel mysql_main
2021-12-19T14:31:57.546567Z 0 [Warning] [MY-013746] [Server] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1.1 is enabled for channel mysql_main
2021-12-19T14:31:57.673184Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: cxXe5.,sQ-v*
2021-12-19T14:33:17.353176Z 0 [System] [MY-010116] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.27) starting as process 35270
2021-12-19T14:33:17.367265Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010075] [Server] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 9b23fb7f-60d8-11ec-b633-000c29f7125c.
mysqld: File '/var/lib/mysql/auto.cnf' not found (OS errno 13 - Permission denied)
2021-12-19T14:33:17.367427Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010183] [Server] Failed to create file(file: '/var/lib/mysql/auto.cnf', errno 13)
2021-12-19T14:33:17.367457Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010076] [Server] Initialization of the server's UUID failed because it could not be read from the auto.cnf file. If this is a new server, the initialization failed because it was not possible to generate a new UUID.
2021-12-19T14:33:17.367560Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010119] [Server] Aborting
2021-12-19T14:33:17.368344Z 0 [System] [MY-010910] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Shutdown complete (mysqld 8.0.27)  MySQL Community Server - GPL.

从报错可以看出是因为没权限，赋权后重新启动

[root@host125 mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql/
[root@host125 mysql]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@host125 mysql]# ps -ef | grep mysqld
mysql       2579       1  2 08:58 ?        00:00:04 /usr/sbin/mysqld
root        2658    2164  0 09:00 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysqld
[root@host125 mysql]#

七、修改root用户密码

[root@host125 mysql]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2021-12-19T14:31:57.673184Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: cxXe5.,sQ-v*
[root@host125 mysql]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.27

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Root123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> 

大功告成