PowerBasic 编程小技巧

1、在日常PB编程中，大家都会体会到其内置的位移函数（SHIFT LEFT /  SHIFT RIGHT），没有返回值。这个给编程带来了不便。其实我们可以通过宏定义去实现位左、右移的功能。

MACRO shift_left (a,b) = (a*(2^b))
MACRO shift_right(a,b) = (a\(2^b))

2、PB编译器支持8位，32位及64位数据类型，但是却不支持无符号长型（ULONG/Uint64）这样的类型数据。只支持64位的QUAD有符号长型，长度为8字节。取值范围-2^63 to 2^63 -1，而无符号长型的取值范围是2^64，那么是否可以在32位PB下进行长整形数据运算呢？在查看了网上一些资料后，在PB下做了如下尝试，供喜好PB编程借鉴。

自定义UQUAD数据类型

TYPE UQUAD DWORD  '4字节对齐 64位 8字节 整形
     high  AS DWORD
     low   AS DWORD
END TYPE

整数形任意类型数字转换为长型函数：

SUB IntToUint64(BYVAL a AS VARIANT, b AS UQUAD)
    LOCAL high_a,low_a,high_b,low_b AS DWORD
    b.high = 0
    b.low  = 0
    SELECT CASE VARIANTVT(a)
        CASE %VT_I8
            b.high = HI(DWORD,VARIANT#(a))
            b.low  = LO(DWORD,VARIANT#(a))
        CASE %VT_UI1,%VT_UI2,%VT_UI4,%VT_BOOL
            IF VARIANT#(a)>0 THEN  ' 正数时处理方法
               b.high = 0
               b.low  = VARIANT#(a)
               ELSE  '负数时处理方法
                   ! mov eax, a
                   ! cdq
                   ! mov high_b, eax
                   ! mov low_b,  edx
                   b.high = high_b
                   b.low  = low_b
            END IF
        CASE ELSE
            b.high = 0
            b.low  = 0
    END SELECT
END SUB    

64位整数型加法函数：

SUB Uint64_Add(BYVAL a AS UQUAD, BYVAL b AS UQUAD, c AS UQUAD)
    LOCAL high_a, low_a, high_b, low_b, high_c, low_c AS DWORD
    high_a = a.high : low_a  = a.low
    high_b = b.high : low_b  = b.low
    ! mov eax,    high_a
    ! mov edx,    low_a
    ! add eax,    high_b
    ! adc edx,    low_b
    ! mov high_c, eax
    ! mov low_c,  edx
    c.high = high_c
    c.low = low_c
END SUB 

64位整数型减法函数：

SUB Uint64_Sub(BYVAL a AS UQUAD, BYVAL b AS UQUAD, c AS UQUAD)
    LOCAL high_a, low_a, high_b, low_b, high_c, low_c AS DWORD
    high_a = a.high : low_a  = a.low
    high_b = b.high : low_b  = b.low
    ! mov eax,    high_a
    ! mov edx,    low_a
    ! sub eax,    high_b
    ! sbb edx,    low_b
    ! mov high_c, eax
    ! mov low_c,  edx
    c.high = high_c
    c.low = low_c
END SUB  

64位整形数据的位移两个函数：

SUB Uint64_ShiftRight(BYVAL a AS UQUAD, BYVAL n AS DWORD, b AS UQUAD)
    LOCAL high_a, low_a, high_b, low_b AS DWORD
    high_a = a.high : low_a  = a.low
    ! mov  eax,    low_a
    ! mov  edx,    high_a
    ! mov  cl,     n
    ! shrd eax,    edx, cl
    ! shr  edx,    cl
    ! mov  low_b,  eax
    ! mov  high_b, edx
    b.high = high_b
    b.low  = low_b
END SUB     



SUB Uint64_ShiftLeft(BYVAL a AS UQUAD, BYVAL n AS DWORD, b AS UQUAD)
    LOCAL high_a, low_a, high_b, low_b AS DWORD
    high_a = a.high : low_a  = a.low
    ! mov  eax,    low_a
    ! mov  edx,    high_a
    ! mov  cl,     n
    ! shld eax,    edx, cl
    ! shr  edx,    cl
    ! mov  low_b,  eax
    ! mov  high_b, edx
    b.high = high_b
    b.low  = low_b
END SUB  



4字节Long有符号长型转8字节ULONG无符号长型：

SUB LongToUint64(BYVAL a AS LONG, b AS UQUAD)
    LOCAL high_b, low_b AS DWORD
    ! mov eax, a
    ! cdq
    ! mov high_b, eax
    ! mov low_b,  edx
    b.high = high_b
    b.low  = low_b
END SUB