001 startup

启动到nomount阶段
此时打开参数文件 读取数据库相关信息 打开Oracle instance 同时向alert日志写入日志
可以修改管理参数文件

SQL> startup nomount     
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  605450240 bytes
Fixed Size                  2255632 bytes
Variable Size             385877232 bytes
Database Buffers          213909504 bytes
Redo Buffers                3407872 bytes
SQL> show parameter spfile

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
spfile                               string      /u01/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbh
                                                 ome_1/dbs/spfiletest.ora
SQL> select name,value from v$parameter where name ='spfile';    

NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
spfile
/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/spfiletest.ora


[root@TEST test]# ps -ef | grep ora_
oracle   20938     1  0 01:30 ?        00:00:00 ora_pmon_test
oracle   20940     1  0 01:30 ?        00:00:00 ora_psp0_test
oracle   20942     1  4 01:30 ?        00:00:09 ora_vktm_test
oracle   20946     1  0 01:30 ?        00:00:00 ora_gen0_test
oracle   20948     1  0 01:30 ?        00:00:01 ora_diag_test
oracle   20950     1  0 01:30 ?        00:00:01 ora_dbrm_test
oracle   20952     1  0 01:31 ?        00:00:01 ora_dia0_test
oracle   20954     1  0 01:31 ?        00:00:01 ora_mman_test
oracle   20956     1  0 01:31 ?        00:00:01 ora_dbw0_test
oracle   20958     1  0 01:31 ?        00:00:00 ora_lgwr_test
oracle   20960     1  0 01:31 ?        00:00:00 ora_ckpt_test
oracle   20962     1  0 01:31 ?        00:00:00 ora_smon_test
oracle   20964     1  0 01:31 ?        00:00:01 ora_reco_test
oracle   20967     1  0 01:31 ?        00:00:00 ora_mmon_test
oracle   20969     1  0 01:31 ?        00:00:00 ora_mmnl_test
oracle   20971     1  0 01:31 ?        00:00:00 ora_d000_test
oracle   20973     1  0 01:31 ?        00:00:00 ora_s000_test
root     20997 20907  0 01:33 pts/3    00:00:00 grep ora_

启动到mount阶段
根据参数文件中定义的控制文件 数据文件 日志文件的位置名称与实例相关联
但是不能对数据文件 控制文件进行打开等操作

SQL> alter database mount;

Database altered.

SQL> show parameter control_file

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
control_file_record_keep_time        integer     7
control_files                        string      /u01/oracle/oradata/test/contr
                                                 ol01.ctl, /u01/oracle/fast_rec
                                                 overy_area/test/control02.ctl

启动到open状态
打开联机数据文件 联机重做日志文件

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

SQL> desc v$database;
 Name                                      Null?    Type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
 DBID                                               NUMBER
 NAME                                               VARCHAR2(9)
 CREATED                                            DATE
 RESETLOGS_CHANGE#                                  NUMBER
 RESETLOGS_TIME                                     DATE
 PRIOR_RESETLOGS_CHANGE#                            NUMBER
 PRIOR_RESETLOGS_TIME                               DATE
 LOG_MODE                                           VARCHAR2(12)
 CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#                                 NUMBER
 ARCHIVE_CHANGE#                                    NUMBER
 CONTROLFILE_TYPE                                   VARCHAR2(7)
 CONTROLFILE_CREATED                                DATE
 CONTROLFILE_SEQUENCE#                              NUMBER
 CONTROLFILE_CHANGE#                                NUMBER
 CONTROLFILE_TIME                                   DATE
 OPEN_RESETLOGS                                     VARCHAR2(11)
 VERSION_TIME                                       DATE
 OPEN_MODE                                          VARCHAR2(20)
 PROTECTION_MODE                                    VARCHAR2(20)
 PROTECTION_LEVEL                                   VARCHAR2(20)
 REMOTE_ARCHIVE                                     VARCHAR2(8)
 ACTIVATION#                                        NUMBER
 SWITCHOVER#                                        NUMBER
 DATABASE_ROLE                                      VARCHAR2(16)
 ARCHIVELOG_CHANGE#                                 NUMBER
 ARCHIVELOG_COMPRESSION                             VARCHAR2(8)
 SWITCHOVER_STATUS                                  VARCHAR2(20)
 DATAGUARD_BROKER                                   VARCHAR2(8)
 GUARD_STATUS                                       VARCHAR2(7)
 SUPPLEMENTAL_LOG_DATA_MIN                          VARCHAR2(8)
 SUPPLEMENTAL_LOG_DATA_PK                           VARCHAR2(3)
 SUPPLEMENTAL_LOG_DATA_UI                           VARCHAR2(3)
 FORCE_LOGGING                                      VARCHAR2(3)
 PLATFORM_ID                                        NUMBER
 PLATFORM_NAME                                      VARCHAR2(101)
 RECOVERY_TARGET_INCARNATION#                       NUMBER
 LAST_OPEN_INCARNATION#                             NUMBER
 CURRENT_SCN                                        NUMBER
 FLASHBACK_ON                                       VARCHAR2(18)
 SUPPLEMENTAL_LOG_DATA_FK                           VARCHAR2(3)
 SUPPLEMENTAL_LOG_DATA_ALL                          VARCHAR2(3)
 DB_UNIQUE_NAME                                     VARCHAR2(30)
 STANDBY_BECAME_PRIMARY_SCN                         NUMBER
 FS_FAILOVER_STATUS                                 VARCHAR2(22)
 FS_FAILOVER_CURRENT_TARGET                         VARCHAR2(30)
 FS_FAILOVER_THRESHOLD                              NUMBER
 FS_FAILOVER_OBSERVER_PRESENT                       VARCHAR2(7)
 FS_FAILOVER_OBSERVER_HOST                          VARCHAR2(512)
 CONTROLFILE_CONVERTED                              VARCHAR2(3)
 PRIMARY_DB_UNIQUE_NAME                             VARCHAR2(30)
 SUPPLEMENTAL_LOG_DATA_PL                           VARCHAR2(3)
 MIN_REQUIRED_CAPTURE_CHANGE#                       NUMBER

SQL> select open_mode from v$database;

OPEN_MODE
--------------------
READ WRITE