四级写作之问题类文章

问题类文章

1.写作步骤

Step 1：现象描述

Step 2：原因分析、问题阐述

Step 3：个人观点提出对策

2.对写作步骤的细化

2.1 step 1：现象描述

2.1.1 1+2原则：一句主题，两句扩展；

一句主题：时间 + 很多的/越来越多的+ 人/物 + 喜欢/倾向于/有可能 + 做某事/怎么样；时间 +很多的/越来越多 + 人/物 + (不)喜欢/（不）倾向于/（不）有可能 +做某事/怎么样；

描述时间： over the years；in recent years;  in current society；in this day and age；

越来越多：a growing number of ；       喜欢： be in favor of ；

两句扩展：与现象相关的人，事或物；

case ：外国人过春节
造句：这些年来，许多在中国的外国人喜欢过传统的中国春节
春节 the Chinese traditional spring festival 

Generally, they spend their vacations with Chinese friends or colleagues. During the eve of the spring festival, foreigners are inclined to attend the reunion dinners with some Chinese families（giving and receiving blessing from each other）.

2.2 step 2：原因分析或问题阐述

2.2.1 原因阐述
写作思路：原因如下+第一/第二/第三
主题句:

句型一：many factors are accounting for this problem.
句型二：xxx can be attributed to the following reasons.

句型三：The reasons resulting in this problem are complex, but the following three/two are the most typical.

例：青少年抽烟
一方面，一些青少年认为抽烟是件很酷的事情并乐于模仿；
be eager to do （eager——热切的；渴望的）
imitate 模仿

另一方面， 随着各个家庭收入的不断增加, 一部分父母给孩子总数很多的零花钱然而却不关心孩子们怎么花钱；
零花钱 pocket money

此外，有关当局并不严格监督烟草销售，而且青少年更容易获得香烟而没有任何困难。监督 supervise（vise_vision advise），有关当局 relevant authority，容易得到 be accessible to cigarettes 

译文：

For one thing, teenagers consider smoking as a “cool “behavior and  be eager to imitate.

For another thing, along with the increasing income of each family, part of parents are providing their children with large sum of pocket money， while neglecting how their kids spent. 

Moreover, tobacco sales are not strictly supervised by the relevant authority, and teenagers are more accessible to cigarettes without difficulty.

2.2 .2问题阐述
转折+问题主题句+扩展
转折：however，conversely, yet, while

问题主题句:
(1) however, XXX may also bring some problems as well. For one thing,......; for another thing,......;

(2) while, there is strong argument against xxx; the argument is based on several problems.

Case：大学生在校外居住
(1)经济方面加重生活负担
(2)不能保证得到良好学习氛围
(3)自身安全问题

Living off campus may bring some problems as well. 

for one thing, some students who live off campus have to spend part of their life expense on renting and utility bills, which may overburden their life in large part.

what’s more, without the certain communication, these students probably cannot enjoy the good atmosphere in study, and may be addicted to the internet or something negative.

Last but not least(最后但并不是最不重要的); the most critical side is the problem of safety, to students living off campus,  their property may get robbed or stolen by criminals.

2.3 Step 3：个人观点提出对策

2.3.1 写作思路：
校园：校方[制度]+教师+学生[行为+意识]
热点：政府或组织[法律法规]+公众[意识+行为]

主题句:

(1) From the above, I can come to the conclusion that certain measures should be taken to end this problem.

(2) with the problems to occur, as I can see, certain measures must be taken to solve these.

(3)To solve the above-mentioned problems, we must take some proper measures.

Case：（校园类话题：学生逃课）
as I can see,our students need pay heed to the courses, and adjust themselves to the study first. 

And then, teachers should prepare the courses with more interests and inspiration. (inspiration——inspire灵感、鼓舞)

Only through these, can students be willing to attend the class. (only 倒装，倒主不倒从)

case:节约能源

It is imperative that effective measures should be taken to end this behavior of energy waste.（imperative 紧急的，急需处理的）

（政府）The government should lay down relevant laws and regulations to conserve the already-precious energy, 

（公众）and the public should alter our outdated views on energy consumption and change the behaviors of environmental damage. 

Only through these ways, can we attain the sustainable development of the whole human beings.