设计模式12.1--状态模式

GitHub源码
这次我们学习的是和策略模式类图相似，但‘意图’大不相同的状态模式。策略模式的意图是通过把行为委托给算法对象实现类的弹性扩展，是类似于继承的类扩展方式，算法类的选择是客户决定的。而状态模式是为了消除类中的if else结构的一种解决方案，内部状态的改变会动态改变状态类的选择。

状态模式:允许对象在内部状态改变时，改变它的行为。

在示例代码中，我们使用一个简单的售卖机模型进行实现：

等待投币:状态1
->投币:动作1
投币完成:状态2
->扳动把手:动作2
结束交易:状态3
->获取产品:动作3
…返回等待投币状态…

---

<?php
/*
    抽象状态类
*/
abstract class State
{
    public $machine;

    public function __construct($machine)
    {
        $this->machine = $machine;
    }

    //投币动作
    public function putCoin()
    {
        throw new Exception('you can not put coin!');
    }

    //扳动把手动作
    public function turnHandle()
    {
        throw new Exception('you can not turn handle!');
    }

    //获取产品动作
    public function getProduct()
    {
        throw new Exception('you can not get product!');
    }
}

class WaitCoinState extends State
{
    public function putCoin()
    {
        $this->machine->setCurStateObject(Machine::STATE_COMPLETE_COIN);
        var_export("put coin!");
    }
}

class CompleteCoinState extends State
{
    public function turnHandle()
    {
        $this->machine->setCurStateObject(Machine::STATE_END_TRANSACTION);
        var_export('turn handle!');
    }
}

class EndTransactionState extends State
{
    public function getProduct()
    {
        $this->machine->setCurStateObject(Machine::STATE_WAIT_COIN);
        var_export('get product!');
    }
}

class Machine
{
    const STATE_WAIT_COIN = 1;
    const STATE_COMPLETE_COIN = 2;
    const STATE_END_TRANSACTION = 3;

    private $curStateObject;

    private $statePool = [
        self::STATE_WAIT_COIN => 'WaitCoinState',
        self::STATE_COMPLETE_COIN => 'CompleteCoinState',
        self::STATE_END_TRANSACTION => 'EndTransactionState',
    ];

    //初始化状态
    public function __construct()
    {
        $this->setCurStateObject(self::STATE_WAIT_COIN);
    }


    private function generalStateObject($state)
    {
        $className = $this->statePool[$state] ?? null;

        if (is_null($className)) {
            throw new Exception("state is not exists!");
        }

        return new $className($this);
    }

    public function setCurStateObject($state)
    {
        $this->curStateObject = $this->generalStateObject($state);
    }

    public function getCurStateObject()
    {
        return $this->curStateObject;
    }

    //把行为委托给特定的状态类执行
    public function __call($name, $arguments)
    {
        if (method_exists($this->curStateObject, $name)) {
            return call_user_func_array([$this->curStateObject, $name], $arguments);
        } else {
            throw new Exception('method ('.$name.') is not exists!');
        }
    }
}


class Test
{
    public function run()
    {
        try {
            $machine = new Machine();
            $machine->putCoin();
            echo '<br>';
            $machine->turnHandle();
            echo '<br>';
            $machine->getProduct();
            echo '<br>';

            $machine->putCoin();
            echo '<br>';
            $machine->turnHandle();
            echo '<br>';
            $machine->getProduct();
        } catch (Exception $e) {
            var_export($e->getMessage());
        }
    }
}

$test = new Test();
$test->run();