Spring 中Bean的生命周期

最新推荐文章于 2023-09-09 14:07:15 发布

小强_加油

最新推荐文章于 2023-09-09 14:07:15 发布

阅读量497

点赞数

分类专栏： java，spring，

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/aini201/article/details/77151603

版权

java，spring，专栏收录该内容

0 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

Spring作为当前Java最流行、最强大的轻量级框架，受到了程序员的热烈欢迎。准确的了解Spring Bean的生命周期是非常必要的。我们通常使用ApplicationContext作为Spring容器。这里，我们讲的也是 ApplicationContext中Bean的生命周期。而实际上BeanFactory也是差不多的，只不过处理器需要手动注册。

转载请注明地址 http://www.cnblogs.com/zrtqsk/p/3735273.html，谢谢。

一、生命周期流程图：

　　Spring Bean的完整生命周期从创建Spring容器开始，直到最终Spring容器销毁Bean，这其中包含了一系列关键点。

若容器注册了以上各种接口，程序那么将会按照以上的流程进行。下面将仔细讲解各接口作用。

二、具体源码

2.1：

ApplicationContext factory = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/spring/beanlife/beans.xml");//创建bean上下文
源码：
public ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(String configLocation) throws BeansException {
		this(new String[] {configLocation}, true, null);
	}
public ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(String[] configLocations, boolean refresh, ApplicationContext parent)
			throws BeansException {

		super(parent);
		setConfigLocations(configLocations);
		if (refresh) {
			refresh();//具体是在该方法中
		}
	}

public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
		synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
			// Prepare this context for refreshing.
			prepareRefresh();

			// Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
			ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();//创建beanFactory,并且加载
                        //BeanDefintion信息

			// Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
			prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);//准备beanFactory

			try {
				// Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
				postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);

				// Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
                               //触发BeanFactoryPostProcessor，实例化BeanFactoryPostProcessor，并且执行postProcessBeanFactory方法 invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);// Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.

                                //实例化BeanPostProcessor和InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor
				registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);

				// Initialize message source for this context.
				initMessageSource();

				// Initialize event multicaster for this context.
				initApplicationEventMulticaster();

				// Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.
				onRefresh();

				// Check for listener beans and register them.
				registerListeners();

				// Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
				finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);

				// Last step: publish corresponding event.
				finishRefresh();
			}

			catch (BeansException ex) {
				// Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.
				destroyBeans();

				// Reset 'active' flag.
				cancelRefresh(ex);

				// Propagate exception to caller.
				throw ex;
			}
		}
	}

二、各种接口方法分类

Bean的完整生命周期经历了各种方法调用，这些方法可以划分为以下几类：

1、Bean自身的方法　　：　　这个包括了Bean本身调用的方法和通过配置文件中<bean>的init-method和destroy-method指定的方法

2、Bean级生命周期接口方法　　：　　这个包括了BeanNameAware、BeanFactoryAware、InitializingBean和DiposableBean这些接口的方法

3、容器级生命周期接口方法　　：　　这个包括了InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor 和 BeanPostProcessor 这两个接口实现，一般称它们的实现类为“后处理器”。

4、工厂后处理器接口方法　　：　　这个包括了AspectJWeavingEnabler, ConfigurationClassPostProcessor, CustomAutowireConfigurer等等非常有用的工厂后处理器　　接口的方法。工厂后处理器也是容器级的。在应用上下文装配配置文件之后立即调用。

5:Spring 的aware接口有：

BeanNameAware ，可以再Bean中得到它在IOC容器中的Bean的实例名称

BeanFactoryAware，ApplicationContextAware，MessageSourceAware，ApplicationEventPublisherAware，ResourceLoaderAwate

三、演示

我们用一个简单的Spring Bean来演示一下Spring Bean的生命周期。

1、首先是一个简单的Spring Bean，调用Bean自身的方法和Bean级生命周期接口方法，为了方便演示，它实现了BeanNameAware、BeanFactoryAware、InitializingBean和DiposableBean这4个接口，同时有2个方法，对应配置文件中<bean>的init-method和destroy-method。如下：

package com.spring.beanlife;

 
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactoryAware;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanNameAware;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.DisposableBean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;

 /**
11  * @author qsk
12  */
public class Person implements BeanFactoryAware, BeanNameAware,
         InitializingBean, DisposableBean {
 
     private String name;
     private String address;
     private int phone;
 
     public static BeanFactory getBeanFactory() {
		return beanFactory;
	}

	private static BeanFactory beanFactory;
     private String beanName;
 
     public Person() {
         System.out.println("Person 【构造器】调用Person的构造器实例化");
     }
 
     public String getName() {
         return name;
     }
 
     public void setName(String name) {
         System.out.println("Person 【注入属性】注入属性name");
         this.name = name;
     }
 
     public String getAddress() {
         return address;
     }
 
     public void setAddress(String address) {
         System.out.println("Person 【注入属性】注入属性address");
         this.address = address;
     }
 
     public int getPhone() {
         return phone;
     }
 
     public void setPhone(int phone) {
         System.out.println("Person 【注入属性】注入属性phone");
         this.phone = phone;
     }
 
     @Override
     public String toString() {
         return "Person [address=" + address + ", name=" + name + ", phone="
                 + phone + "]";
     }
 
     // 这是BeanFactoryAware接口方法
     @Override
     public void setBeanFactory(BeanFactory arg0) throws BeansException {
         System.out
                 .println("Person 【BeanFactoryAware接口】调用BeanFactoryAware.setBeanFactory()");
         this.beanFactory = arg0;
     }
 
     // 这是BeanNameAware接口方法
     @Override
     public void setBeanName(String arg0) {
         System.out.println("Person 【BeanNameAware接口】调用BeanNameAware.setBeanName()");
         this.beanName = arg0;
     }
 
     // 这是InitializingBean接口方法
     @Override
     public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
         System.out
                 .println("Person 【InitializingBean接口】调用InitializingBean.afterPropertiesSet()");
     }
 
     // 这是DiposibleBean接口方法
     @Override
     public void destroy() throws Exception {
         System.out.println("Person 【DiposibleBean接口】调用DiposibleBean.destory()");
     }
 
     // 通过<bean>的init-method属性指定的初始化方法
     public void myInit() {
         System.out.println("Person 【init-method】调用<bean>的init-method属性指定的初始化方法");
     }
 
     // 通过<bean>的destroy-method属性指定的初始化方法
     public void myDestory() {
         System.out.println("Person 【destroy-method】调用<bean>的destroy-method属性指定的初始化方法");
     }
}

2、接下来是演示BeanPostProcessor接口的方法，如下：

 
  package com.spring.beanlife;


import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;

public class MyBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor {

    public MyBeanPostProcessor() {
        super();
         System.out.println("这是BeanPostProcessor实现类构造器！！");
         // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
     }
 
     @Override
     public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object arg0, String arg1)
             throws BeansException {
         System.out
         .println("BeanPostProcessor接口方法postProcessAfterInitialization对属性进行更改！");
         return arg0;
     }
 
     @Override
     public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object arg0, String arg1)
             throws BeansException {
         System.out
         .println("BeanPostProcessor接口方法postProcessBeforeInitialization对属性进行更改！");
         return arg0;
     }
 } 
  
 
  
 
 

如上，BeanPostProcessor接口包括2个方法postProcessAfterInitialization和postProcessBeforeInitialization，这两个方法的第一个参数都是要处理的Bean对象，第二个参数都是Bean的name。返回值也都是要处理的Bean对象。这里要注意。

3、InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor 接口本质是BeanPostProcessor的子接口，一般我们继承Spring为其提供的适配器类InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor Adapter来使用它，如下：

 package com.spring.beanlife;

import java.beans.PropertyDescriptor;

import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.PropertyValues;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessorAdapter;

public class MyInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor extends
         InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessorAdapter {
 
     public MyInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor() {
         super();
         System.out
                 .println("这是InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessorAdapter实现类构造器！！");
     }
 
     // 接口方法、实例化Bean之前调用
     @Override
     public Object postProcessBeforeInstantiation(Class beanClass,
             String beanName) throws BeansException {
         System.out
                 .println("InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor调用postProcessBeforeInstantiation方法");
         return null;
     }
 
     // 接口方法、实例化Bean之后调用
     @Override
     public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName)
             throws BeansException {
         System.out
                 .println("InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor调用postProcessAfterInitialization方法");
         return bean;
     }
 
     // 接口方法、设置某个属性时调用
     @Override
     public PropertyValues postProcessPropertyValues(PropertyValues pvs,
             PropertyDescriptor[] pds, Object bean, String beanName)
             throws BeansException {
         System.out
                 .println("InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor调用postProcessPropertyValues方法");
         return pvs;
     }
 }

这个有3个方法，其中第二个方法postProcessAfterInitialization就是重写了BeanPostProcessor的方法。第三个方法postProcessPropertyValues用来操作属性，返回值也应该是PropertyValues对象。

4、演示工厂后处理器接口方法，如下：

 
  package com.spring.beanlife;

import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinition;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanFactoryPostProcessor;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableListableBeanFactory;

 public class MyBeanFactoryPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor {

     public MyBeanFactoryPostProcessor() {
         super();
         System.out.println("这是BeanFactoryPostProcessor实现类构造器！！");
     }
 
     @Override
     public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory arg0)
             throws BeansException {
         System.out
                 .println("BeanFactoryPostProcessor调用postProcessBeanFactory方法");
        // arg0.getBean("person");//getBean方法是获取已经初始化成功的Bean，在此处，bean还没没有初始化完成，所以调用此方法，会报错
         BeanDefinition bd = arg0.getBeanDefinition("person");
         bd.getPropertyValues().addPropertyValue("phone", "110");
     }
 
 } 
  
 
  
 
 

5、配置文件如下beans.xml，很简单，使用ApplicationContext,处理器不用手动注册：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd">

    <bean id="beanPostProcessor" class="com.spring.beanlife.MyBeanPostProcessor">
    </bean>

    <bean id="instantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor"  class="com.spring.beanlife.MyInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor">
    </bean>

    <bean id="beanFactoryPostProcessor" class="com.spring.beanlife.MyBeanFactoryPostProcessor">
    </bean>
    <bean id = "myApplicationContextAware" lazy-init="true" class="com.spring.beanlife.MyApplicationContextAware"></bean>
    <bean id="person" class="com.spring.beanlife.Person" lazy-init="true" init-method="myInit"
        destroy-method="myDestory" scope="singleton" p:name="张三" p:address="广州"
        p:phone="15900000000" />
    <!-- <bean id="friend" class="com.spring.beanlife.Friend" lazy-init="true" init-method="myInit"
        destroy-method="myDestory" scope="singleton" p:name="李四" p:address="深圳"
        p:phone="1666666" /> -->
</beans>

6：MyApplicationContextAware

package com.spring.beanlife;

import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware;

public class MyApplicationContextAware implements ApplicationContextAware{

	private static ApplicationContext applicationContext = null;
	@Override
	public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext)
			throws BeansException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("-------------设置applicationContext");
		this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
	}

	public static ApplicationContext getApplicationContext(){
		return applicationContext;
	}
}

6、下面测试一下：

 import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Application {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		 System.out.println("现在开始初始化容器");
         
		         ApplicationContext factory = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/spring/beanlife/beans.xml");
		          System.out.println("容器初始化成功"); 
		          ApplicationContext applicationContext = MyApplicationContextAware.getApplicationContext();
		          //得到Preson，并使用
		          factory.getBean("myApplicationContextAware");
		          Person person = factory.getBean("person",Person.class);
		          /*BeanFactory factory2 = Person.getBeanFactory();
		          Person person = factory2.getBean("person",Person.class);*/
		         //System.out.println(person);
		          
		          System.out.println("现在开始关闭容器！");
		          //((ClassPathXmlApplicationContext)factory).registerShutdownHook();
	}

}

关闭容器使用的是实际是AbstractApplicationContext的钩子方法。

我们来看一下结果：

这是BeanFactoryPostProcessor实现类构造器！！
BeanFactoryPostProcessor调用postProcessBeanFactory方法
这是BeanPostProcessor实现类构造器！！
这是InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessorAdapter实现类构造器！！
容器初始化成功
//MyApplicationContextAware Bean的初始化，如果在配置中增加Lazy-init=“true”则不会有此，具体可以查看 方法AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);

InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor调用postProcessBeforeInstantiation方法
InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor调用postProcessPropertyValues方法
-------------设置applicationContext
BeanPostProcessor接口方法postProcessBeforeInitialization对属性进行更改！
BeanPostProcessor接口方法postProcessAfterInitialization对属性进行更改！
InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor调用postProcessAfterInitialization方法


InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor调用postProcessBeforeInstantiation方法
Person 【构造器】调用Person的构造器实例化
InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor调用postProcessPropertyValues方法
Person 【注入属性】注入属性address
Person 【注入属性】注入属性name
Person 【注入属性】注入属性phone
Person 【BeanNameAware接口】调用BeanNameAware.setBeanName()
Person 【BeanFactoryAware接口】调用BeanFactoryAware.setBeanFactory()
BeanPostProcessor接口方法postProcessBeforeInitialization对属性进行更改！
Person 【InitializingBean接口】调用InitializingBean.afterPropertiesSet()
Person 【init-method】调用<bean>的init-method属性指定的初始化方法
BeanPostProcessor接口方法postProcessAfterInitialization对属性进行更改！
InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor调用postProcessAfterInitialization方法
现在开始关闭容器！

小强_加油

关注

0
点赞
踩
1

收藏

觉得还不错? 一键收藏
0
评论
Spring 中Bean的生命周期

Spring作为当前Java最流行、最强大的轻量级框架，受到了程序员的热烈欢迎。准确的了解Spring Bean的生命周期是非常必要的。我们通常使用ApplicationContext作为Spring容器。这里，我们讲的也是 ApplicationContext中Bean的生命周期。而实际上BeanFactory也是差不多的，只不过处理器需要手动注册。转载请注明地址 http://www
复制链接

扫一扫