hibernate入门

什么是hibernate？

Hibernate是一个开放源代码的对象关系映射框架，它对JDBC进行了非常轻量级的对象封装，使得java程序员可以随心所欲的使用对象编程思维来操纵数据库。 Hibernate可以应用在任何使用JDBC的场合，既可以在Java的客户端程序使用，也可以在Servlet/JSP的Web应用中使用，最具革命意义的是，Hibernate可以在应用EJB的J2EE架构中取代CMP，完成数据持久化的重任。

ORM框架/持久层框架；

ORM（Object Relational Mapping）：对象关系映射。
对象与关系型数据间之间的映射管理框架

优势：跨数据库的无缝移植（SqlServer、Oracle、MySql）；

首先配置文件：

 1 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 2   xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
 3   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 4   <groupId>com.ing</groupId>
 5   <artifactId>T_hibernate</artifactId>
 6   <packaging>war</packaging>
 7   <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
 8   <name>T_hibernate Maven Webapp</name>
 9   <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
10   
11   <properties>
12         <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
13         <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
14         <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
15         <junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
16         <servlet.version>4.0.0</servlet.version>
17         
18         <!-- 版本5.1.0 -->
19         <hibernate.version>5.3.0.Final</hibernate.version>
20         <mysql.driver.version>5.1.46</mysql.driver.version>
21     </properties>
22   <dependencies>
23    <dependency>
24             <groupId>junit</groupId>
25             <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
26             <version>${junit.version}</version>
27             <scope>test</scope>
28         </dependency>
29         
30         <dependency>
31             <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
32             <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
33             <version>${servlet.version}</version>
34             <scope>provided</scope>
35         </dependency>
36         
37         <dependency>
38             <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
39             <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
40             <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
41         </dependency>
42         
43         <dependency>
44             <groupId>mysql</groupId>
45             <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
46             <version>${mysql.driver.version}</version>
47         </dependency>
48   </dependencies>
49   <build>
50     <finalName>T_hibernate</finalName>
51     
52     <plugins>
53             <plugin>
54                 <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
55                 <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
56                 <version>3.7.0</version>
57                 <configuration>
58                     <source>${maven.compiler.source}</source>
59                     <target>${maven.compiler.target}</target>
60                     <encoding>${project.build.sourceEncoding}</encoding>
61                 </configuration>
62             </plugin>
63         </plugins>
64   </build>
65 </project>

添加hibernate(5.2.12.Final)支持(手动添加)

1 添加hibernate相关依赖

2 在resource目录下添加hibernate.cfg.xml(核心配置文件)

 1 <hibernate-configuration>
 2     <session-factory>
 3         <!-- 1.数据库相关 -->
 4         <!-- connection.username|connection.password|connection.url|connection.driver_class|dialect -->
 5         <!-- 数据库账号 -->
 6         <property name="connection.username">root</property>
 7         <!-- 数据库密码 -->
 8         <property name="connection.password">123</property>
 9         <!-- 数据库连接URL -->
10         <!-- 注意特殊字符转义 -->
11        <property name="connection.url">
<!--  注意字符转换--!>
12        jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/t224?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8
13         </property>
14         <!--数据库连接驱动  -->
15         <property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
16         <!-- 数据库方言 -->
17         <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
18         <!-- 配置本地事务（No CurrentSessionContext configured!） -->
19         <property name="hibernate.current_session_context_class">thread</property>
20  
21         <!-- 2. 调试相关 -->
22         <property name="show_sql">true</property>
23         <property name="format_sql">true</property>
24         
25         <!-- 3. 添加实体映射文件 -->
26          <mapping resource="entity/Book.hbm.xml" />
27     </session-factory>
28     </hibernate-configuration>

3.在开发阶段再创建实体类和实体映射文件

创建实体类

 1 public class Book implements Serializable {
 2       private Integer id;
 3       private String bookname;
 4       private String price;
 5       private String booktype;
 6       private String bookimage;
 7       
 8     public Integer getId() {
 9         return id;
10     }
11     public void setId(Integer id) {
12         this.id = id;
13     }
14     public String getBookname() {
15         return bookname;
16     }
17     public void setBookname(String bookname) {
18         this.bookname = bookname;
19     }
20     
21     
22     public String getPrice() {
23         return price;
24     }
25     public void setPrice(String price) {
26         this.price = price;
27     }
28     public String getBooktype() {
29         return booktype;
30     }
31     public void setBooktype(String booktype) {
32         this.booktype = booktype;
33     }
34     public String getBookimage() {
35         return bookimage;
36     }
37     public void setBookimage(String bookimage) {
38         this.bookimage = bookimage;
39     }
40     public Book() {
41         super();
42         // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
43     }
44     
45     
46     public Book(Integer id, String bookname, String price, String booktype, String bookimage) {
47         super();
48         this.id = id;
49         this.bookname = bookname;
50         this.price = price;
51         this.booktype = booktype;
52         this.bookimage = bookimage;
53     }
54     @Override
55     public String toString() {
56         return "Book [id=" + id + ", bookname=" + bookname + ", price=" + price + ", booktype=" + booktype
57                 + ", bookimage=" + bookimage + "]";
58     }
59       
60 }

实体映射文件：

 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
 3     "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
 4     "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
 5     <hibernate-mapping>
 6     <class name="entity.Book" table="t_book3">
 7         <id name="id" type="java.lang.Integer" column="book_id">
 8             <generator class="increment" />
 9         </id>
10         <property name="bookname" type="java.lang.String" column="book_name">
11         </property>
12         <property name="price" type="java.lang.String" column="book_price">
13         </property>
14         <property name="booktype" type="java.lang.String" column="book_category_id">
15         </property>
16         <property name="bookimage" type="java.lang.String" column="book_image">
17         </property>    
18     </class>
19 
20 </hibernate-mapping>

1 CRUD操作步骤：

1 读取配置
2 创建SessionFactory
3 打开Session
4 开启事务
5 CURD
6 提交事务/回滚事务
7 关闭Session

 1         //1.读取配置  加载hibernate核心配置文件
 2         Configuration config=new Configuration();
 3         config.configure("/hibernate.cfg.xml");
 4         //2.创建sessionFactory
 5         SessionFactory sessionFactory=config.buildSessionFactory();
 6         //3.打开session
 7         //注:次session与jsp/serlvet中的session要区别对待
 8         Session session=sessionFactory.openSession();
 9         //4.开启事务
10          Transaction trans = session.beginTransaction();
11         //5.CRUD
12            //5.1  save
13          Book book=new Book();
14 //         book.setBookname("降龙十八掌");
15 //         book.setPrice("9999");
16 //         book.setBookimage("img/555");
17 //         session.save(book);
18          //5.2  get (查单个)
19 //         book.setId(2);
20 //         Book b=session.get(Book.class, book.getId());
21 //         System.out.println(b);
22          //5.3 delete(先查再删除)
23 //         book.setId(2);
24 //        Book b=session.get(Book.class, book.getId());
25 //        if(null!=b) {
26 //            session.delete(b);//比如id=99不存在,直接删除就会报错
27 //        }
28          //5.4 update(先查再修改)
29          book.setId(3);
30          Book b=session.get(Book.class, book.getId());
31          if(null!=b) {
32          b.setBookname("999");
33          b.setBooktype("9999");
34          session.update(b);
35          }
36         //6.提交或者回滚事务
37          trans.commit();
38          //7.关闭session
39          session.close();
40         
41     }
42 
43 }

完成；

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/AluoKa/p/11181980.html