java concurrency

并发编程是一个趋势。多核的出现,使得并发编程越来越重要。这里对于多核处理器来说,如果跑单一线程的程序,那么利用率是很低的。多线程正好成了人们压榨计算机的利器。
多线程是好的,可是,多线程也引入了一些复杂的东西。比如说同步。
记得在学操作系统的时候,就学过类似的东西,对临界资源的访问,PV操作啊什么的。万变不离其宗,多线程编程也同样如此。

java多线程实现是很简单的,大家也都知道synchronized关键字。也知道synchronized是通过加锁来保证同步的。当然,多线程还有很多要考虑的东西,并不是只有同步。

通过对《Java concurrency in practice》的阅读,对多线程的认识更深刻了。
首先,我们要明白的是,多线程是有益的, 在面对他带来的一些问题的时候,更多的是要考虑我们对资源的访问方式,而不是以为使用synchronized就OK了。
总结下,关于多线程的设计,
1,首先考虑的是资源的被访问方式与实时性。
2,尽量考虑多线程环境而不是考虑性能(正确性比性能更重要)
3,语言特性与虚拟机特性等对多线程的影响,正确使用java语言。
4,线程安全
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Java 9 Concurrency Cookbook - Second Edition by Javier Fernandez Gonzalez English | 25 Apr. 2017 | ASIN: B01KOG6V5M | 594 Pages | AZW3 | 4.11 MB Key Features Get detailed coverage of important recipes on multi-threading and parallel programming This book takes a close look at the Java 9 APIs and their impact on concurrency See practical examples on thread safety, high-performance classes, safe sharing, and a whole lot more Book Description Writing concurrent and parallel programming applications is an integral skill for any Java programmer. Java 9 comes with a host of fantastic features, including significant performance improvements and new APIs. This book will take you through all the new APIs, showing you how to build parallel and multi-threaded applications. The book covers all the elements of the Java Concurrency API, with essential recipes that will help you take advantage of the exciting new capabilities. You will learn how to use parallel and reactive streams to process massive data sets. Next, you will move on to create streams and use all their intermediate and terminal operations to process big collections of data in a parallel and functional way. Further, you'll discover a whole range of recipes for almost everything, such as thread management, synchronization, executors, parallel and reactive streams, and many more. At the end of the book, you will learn how to obtain information about the status of some of the most useful components of the Java Concurrency API and how to test concurrent applications using different tools. What you will learn Find out to manage the basic components of the Java Concurrency API Use synchronization mechanisms to avoid data race conditions and other problems of concurrent applications Separate the thread management from the rest of the application with the Executor framework Solve problems using a parallelized version of the divide and conquer paradigm with the Fork / Join framework Process massive data sets in an optimized way using streams and reactive streams See which data structures we can use in concurrent applications and how to use them Practice efficient techniques to test concurrent applications Get to know tips and tricks to design concurrent applications About the Author Javier Fernandez Gonzalez is a software architect with almost 15 years of experience in Java technologies. He has worked as a teacher, researcher, programmer, analyst, and writer, and he now works as an architect in all types of projects related to Java, especially J2EE. As a teacher, has taken over 1,000 hours of training in basic Java, J2EE, and the Struts framework. As a researcher, he has worked in the field of information retrieval, developing applications for processing large amounts of data in Java, and has participated as a coauthor in several journal articles and conference presentations. Recently, he worked on developing J2EE web applications for various clients from different sectors (public administration, insurance, healthcare, transportation, and so on). Currently, he works as a software architect. He is the author of the book, Java 7 Concurrency Cookbook and Mastering Concurrency Programming with Java 8 by Packt. Table of Contents Thread Management Basic Thread Synchronization Thread Synchronization Utilities Thread Executors Fork/Join Framework Parallel and Reactive Streams Concurrent Collections Customizing Concurrency Classes Testing Concurrent Applications Additional Information Concurrent Programming Design
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