【Python】with

说明

运行逻辑与 try…finally… 类似

构建

class 类名():
    def __init__(self, name):
        self._name = name

    def __enter__(self):
        // 运行 with 中代码前执行
        return self._name  // 返回值通过 as 接收

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb): 
    	// with 中代码运行结束后执行，包括因异常结束
       // 若因异常结束，将异常信息以参数形式传入

使用

with 类名() as 参数[用于接收__enter__返回的值]:
	代码

实例

class Test:
    def __init__(self, name):
        self._name = name

    def __enter__(self):
        print("开始")
        return self._name

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
        print(exc_type)
        print(exc_val)
        print(exc_tb)
        print("结束")


if __name__ == '__main__':
    with Test("joshua") as name:
        print("name", name)
        1 / 0

运行结果

开始
name joshua
<class 'ZeroDivisionError'>
division by zero
<traceback object at 0x7f53b848e730>
结束
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "-----", line 23, in <module>
    1 / 0
ZeroDivisionError: division by zero