王颖奇 20171010129《面向对象程序设计(java)》第九周学习总结

 实验九 异常、断言与日志

实验时间 2018-10-25

1、实验目的与要求

(1) 掌握java异常处理技术;

(2) 了解断言的用法

(3) 了解日志的用途;

(4) 掌握程序基础调试技巧;

2、实验内容和步骤

实验1:用命令行与IDE两种环境下编辑调试运行源程序ExceptionDemo1ExceptionDemo2,结合程序运行结果理解程序,掌握未检查异常和已检查异常的区别。

//异常示例1

public class ExceptionDemo1 {

public static void main(String args[]) {

int a = 0;

System.out.println(5 / a);

}

}

//异常示例2

import java.io.*;

 

public class ExceptionDemo2 {

public static void main(String args[])

     {

          FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream("text.txt");//JVM自动生成异常对象

          int b;

          while((b=fis.read())!=-1)

          {

              System.out.print(b);

          }

          fis.close();

      }

}

 示例的更改思路与相应代码:

异常示例1:

增加判断分母是否为零的语句:

异常示例2:

更改思路

1. throws IOException :使用该语句抛出异常

2.try/catch语句块:捕获异常

3.将字节流改为字符流,读取文件内容

更改后代码:

package shiyan9;

import java.io.*;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;

public class ExceptionDemo2 {
    public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException 
     {
          try {

          File file = new File("text.txt");
          FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
          BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis));
          String b;
          while((b=in.readLine())!=null)
          {
              System.out.print(b);
          }
          fis.close();
      }catch (Exception e) {
          e.printStackTrace();
      }
     }
}
ExceptionDemo2

实验2 导入以下示例程序,测试程序并进行代码注释。

测试程序1:

elipse IDE中编辑、编译、调试运行教材2817-1,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

在程序中相关代码处添加新知识的注释;

掌握Throwable类的堆栈跟踪方法;

package stackTrace;

import java.util.*;

/**
 * A program that displays a trace feature of a recursive method call.
 * @version 1.01 2004-05-10
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class StackTraceTest
{
   /**
    * Computes the factorial of a number
    * @param n a non-negative integer
    * @return n! = 1 * 2 * . . . * n
    */
   public static int factorial(int n)
   {
      System.out.println("factorial(" + n + "):");
      Throwable t = new Throwable();
      StackTraceElement[] frames = t.getStackTrace();
      for (StackTraceElement f : frames)
         System.out.println(f);
      int r;
      if (n <= 1) r = 1;
      else r = n * factorial(n - 1);
      System.out.println("return " + r);
      return r;
   }

   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
      System.out.print("Enter n: ");
      int n = in.nextInt();
      factorial(n);
   }
}
StackTraceTest

运行结果:

测试程序2

l Java语言的异常处理积极处理方法和消极处理两种方式

下列两个简答程序范例给出了两种异常处理的代码格式。在elipse IDE中编辑、调试运行源程序ExceptionalTest.java,将程序中的text文件更换为身份证号.txt,要求将文件内容读入内容,并在控制台显示;

掌握两种异常处理技术的特点。

//积极处理方式  

import java.io.*;

 

class ExceptionTest {

public static void main (string args[])

   {

       try{

       FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream("text.txt");

       }

       catchFileNotFoundExcption e

     {   ……  }

……

    }

}

//消极处理方式

 

import java.io.*;

class ExceptionTest {

public static void main (string args[]) throws  FileNotFoundExcption

     {

      FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream("text.txt");

     }

}

积极的:

package demo;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;

public class ExceptionTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        try {
            FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("身份证号.txt");
            BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis));
            String m, n = new String();
            while ((m = in.readLine()) != null) {
                n += m + "\n ";
            }
            in.close();
            System.out.println(n);

        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            System.out.println("学生信息文件找不到");
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println("学生信息文件读取错误");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}
ExceptionTest

消极的:

package demo;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;

public class ExceptionTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
            FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("身份证号.txt");
            BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis));
            String m, n = new String();
            while ((m = in.readLine()) != null) {
                n += m + "\n ";
            }
            in.close();
            System.out.println(n);
    }
}
ExceptionTest

运行结果:

实验3: 编程练习

练习1

编制一个程序,将身份证号.txt 中的信息读入到内存中;

按姓名字典序输出人员信息;

查询最大年龄的人员信息;

查询最小年龄人员信息;

输入你的年龄,查询身份证号.txt中年龄与你最近人的姓名、身份证号、年龄、性别和出生地;

查询人员中是否有你的同乡;

在以上程序适当位置加入异常捕获代码。

代码:

package shen;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {
    private static ArrayList<Student> studentlist;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        studentlist = new ArrayList<>();
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        File file = new File("C:\\Users\\ASUS\\Desktop\\新建文件夹\\身份证号.txt");
        try {
            FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
            BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis));
            String temp = null;
            while ((temp = in.readLine()) != null) {

                Scanner linescanner = new Scanner(temp);

                linescanner.useDelimiter(" ");
                String name = linescanner.next();
                String number = linescanner.next();
                String sex = linescanner.next();
                String age = linescanner.next();
                String province = linescanner.nextLine();
                Student student = new Student();
                student.setName(name);
                student.setnumber(number);
                student.setsex(sex);
                int a = Integer.parseInt(age);
                student.setage(a);
                student.setprovince(province);
                studentlist.add(student);

            }
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            System.out.println("学生信息文件找不到");
            e.printStackTrace();
            //加入的捕获异常代码
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println("学生信息文件读取错误");
            e.printStackTrace();
            //加入的捕获异常代码
        }
        boolean isTrue = true;
        while (isTrue) {
            System.out.println("选择你的操作,输入正确格式的选项");
            System.out.println("A.字典排序");
            System.out.println("B.输出年龄最大和年龄最小的人");
            System.out.println("C.寻找老乡");
            System.out.println("D.寻找年龄相近的人");
            System.out.println("F.退出");
            String m = scanner.next();
            switch (m) {
            case "A":
                Collections.sort(studentlist);
                System.out.println(studentlist.toString());
                break;
            case "B":
                int max = 0, min = 100;
                int j, k1 = 0, k2 = 0;
                for (int i = 1; i < studentlist.size(); i++) {
                    j = studentlist.get(i).getage();
                    if (j > max) {
                        max = j;
                        k1 = i;
                    }
                    if (j < min) {
                        min = j;
                        k2 = i;
                    }

                }
                System.out.println("年龄最大:" + studentlist.get(k1));
                System.out.println("年龄最小:" + studentlist.get(k2));
                break;
            case "C":
                System.out.println("老家?");
                String find = scanner.next();
                String place = find.substring(0, 3);
                for (int i = 0; i < studentlist.size(); i++) {
                    if (studentlist.get(i).getprovince().substring(1, 4).equals(place))
                        System.out.println("老乡" + studentlist.get(i));
                }
                break;

            case "D":
                System.out.println("年龄:");
                int yourage = scanner.nextInt();
                int near = agenear(yourage);
                int value = yourage - studentlist.get(near).getage();
                System.out.println("" + studentlist.get(near));
                break;
            case "F":
                isTrue = false;
                System.out.println("退出程序!");
                break;
            default:
                System.out.println("输入有误");

            }
        }
    }

    public static int agenear(int age) {
        int j = 0, min = 53, value = 0, k = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < studentlist.size(); i++) {
            value = studentlist.get(i).getage() - age;
            if (value < 0)
                value = -value;
            if (value < min) {
                min = value;
                k = i;
            }
        }
        return k;
    }

}
Main

 

ackage shen;

public class Student implements Comparable<Student> {

    private String name;
    private String number ;
    private String sex ;
    private int age;
    private String province;
   
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getnumber() {
        return number;
    }
    public void setnumber(String number) {
        this.number = number;
    }
    public String getsex() {
        return sex ;
    }
    public void setsex(String sex ) {
        this.sex =sex ;
    }
    public int getage() {

        return age;
        }
        public void setage(int age) {
            // int a = Integer.parseInt(age);
        this.age= age;
        }

    public String getprovince() {
        return province;
    }
    public void setprovince(String province) {
        this.province=province ;
    }

    public int compareTo(Student o) {
       return this.name.compareTo(o.getName());
    }

    public String toString() {
        return  name+"\t"+sex+"\t"+age+"\t"+number+"\t"+province+"\n";
    }    
}
Student

注:以下实验课后完成

练习2

编写一个计算器类,可以完成加、减、乘、除的操作;

利用计算机类,设计一个小学生100以内数的四则运算练习程序,由计算机随机产生10道加减乘除练习题,学生输入答案,由程序检查答案是否正确,每道题正确计10分,错误不计分,10道题测试结束后给出测试总分;

将程序中测试练习题及学生答题结果输出到文件,文件名为test.txt

在以上程序适当位置加入异常捕获代码。

代码:

package demo;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class demo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
        yunsuan counter = new yunsuan();
        PrintWriter out = null;
        try {
            out = new PrintWriter("text.txt");
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        int sum = 0;
        System.out.println("随机生成的四则运算类型");
        System.out.println("类型1:除法");
        System.out.println("类型2:乘法");
        System.out.println("类型3:加法");
        System.out.println("类型4:减法");
        
        for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
            int a = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 100);
            int b = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 100);
            int m;
            Random rand = new Random();
            m = (int) rand.nextInt(4) + 1;
            System.out.println("随机生成的四则运算类型:"+m);

            switch (m) {
            case 1:
                System.out.println(i + ": " + a + "/" + b + "=");

                while (b == 0) {
                    b = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 100);
                }

                double c0 = in.nextDouble();
                out.println(a + "/" + b + "=" + c0);
                if (c0 == counter.division(a, b)) {
                    sum += 10;
                    System.out.println("right!");
                } else {
                    System.out.println("error!");
                }

                break;

            case 2:
                System.out.println(i + ": " + a + "*" + b + "=");
                int c = in.nextInt();
                out.println(a + "*" + b + "=" + c);
                if (c == counter.multiplication(a, b)) {
                    sum += 10;
                    System.out.println("right!");
                } else {
                    System.out.println("error!");
                }
                break;
            case 3:
                System.out.println(i + ": " + a + "+" + b + "=");
                int c1 = in.nextInt();
                out.println(a + "+" + b + "=" + c1);
                if (c1 == counter.add(a, b)) {
                    sum += 10;
                    System.out.println("right!");
                } else {
                    System.out.println("error!");
                }
                break;
            case 4:
                System.out.println(i + ": " + a + "-" + b + "=");
                int c2 = in.nextInt();
                out.println(a + "-" + b + "=" + c2);
                if (c2 == counter.reduce(a, b)) {
                    sum += 10;
                    System.out.println("right!");
                } else {
                    System.out.println("error!");
                }
                break;
            }
        }
        System.out.println("成绩" + sum);
        out.println("成绩:" + sum);
        out.close();
    }
}
demo
packagedemo;publicclassyunsuan{privateinta;privateintb;publicintadd(inta,intb){returna+b;}publicintreduce(inta,intb){returna-b;}publicintmultiplication(inta,intb){returna*b;}publicintdivision(inta,intb){if(b!=0)returna/b;elsereturn0;}}
yunsuan

运行结果:

实验4:断言、日志、程序调试技巧验证实验。

实验程序1

//断言程序示例

public class AssertDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) {        

        test1(-5);

        test2(-3);

    }

    

    private static void test1(int a){

        assert a > 0;

        System.out.println(a);

    }

    private static void test2(int a){

       assert a > 0 : "something goes wrong here, a cannot be less than 0";

        System.out.println(a);

    }

}

elipse下调试程序AssertDemo,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

注释语句test1(-5);后重新运行程序,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

掌握断言的使用特点及用法。

实验程序2

JDK命令调试运行教材298-300页程序7-2,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

并掌握Java日志系统的用途及用法。

package logging;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.logging.*;
import javax.swing.*;

/**
 * A modification of the image viewer program that logs various events.
 * @version 1.03 2015-08-20
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class LoggingImageViewer
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      if (System.getProperty("java.util.logging.config.class") == null
            && System.getProperty("java.util.logging.config.file") == null)
      {
         try
         {
            Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava").setLevel(Level.ALL);
            final int LOG_ROTATION_COUNT = 10;
            Handler handler = new FileHandler("%h/LoggingImageViewer.log", 0, LOG_ROTATION_COUNT);
            Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava").addHandler(handler);
         }
         catch (IOException e)
         {
            Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava").log(Level.SEVERE,
                  "Can't create log file handler", e);
         }
      }

      EventQueue.invokeLater(() ->
            {
               Handler windowHandler = new WindowHandler();
               windowHandler.setLevel(Level.ALL);
               Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava").addHandler(windowHandler);

               JFrame frame = new ImageViewerFrame();
               frame.setTitle("LoggingImageViewer");
               frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

               Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava").fine("Showing frame");
               frame.setVisible(true);
            });
   }
}

/**
 * The frame that shows the image.
 */
class ImageViewerFrame extends JFrame
{
   private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
   private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 400;   

   private JLabel label;
   private static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava");

   public ImageViewerFrame()
   {
      logger.entering("ImageViewerFrame", "<init>");      
      setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);

      // set up menu bar
      JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();
      setJMenuBar(menuBar);

      JMenu menu = new JMenu("File");
      menuBar.add(menu);

      JMenuItem openItem = new JMenuItem("Open");
      menu.add(openItem);
      openItem.addActionListener(new FileOpenListener());

      JMenuItem exitItem = new JMenuItem("Exit");
      menu.add(exitItem);
      exitItem.addActionListener(new ActionListener()
         {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
            {
               logger.fine("Exiting.");
               System.exit(0);
            }
         });

      // use a label to display the images
      label = new JLabel();
      add(label);
      logger.exiting("ImageViewerFrame", "<init>");
   }

   private class FileOpenListener implements ActionListener
   {
      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
      {
         logger.entering("ImageViewerFrame.FileOpenListener", "actionPerformed", event);

         // set up file chooser
         JFileChooser chooser = new JFileChooser();
         chooser.setCurrentDirectory(new File("."));

         // accept all files ending with .gif
         chooser.setFileFilter(new javax.swing.filechooser.FileFilter()
            {
               public boolean accept(File f)
               {
                  return f.getName().toLowerCase().endsWith(".gif") || f.isDirectory();
               }

               public String getDescription()
               {
                  return "GIF Images";
               }
            });

         // show file chooser dialog
         int r = chooser.showOpenDialog(ImageViewerFrame.this);

         // if image file accepted, set it as icon of the label
         if (r == JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION)
         {
            String name = chooser.getSelectedFile().getPath();
            logger.log(Level.FINE, "Reading file {0}", name);
            label.setIcon(new ImageIcon(name));
         }
         else logger.fine("File open dialog canceled.");
         logger.exiting("ImageViewerFrame.FileOpenListener", "actionPerformed");
      }
   }
}

/**
 * A handler for displaying log records in a window.
 */
class WindowHandler extends StreamHandler
{
   private JFrame frame;

   public WindowHandler()
   {
      frame = new JFrame();
      final JTextArea output = new JTextArea();
      output.setEditable(false);
      frame.setSize(200, 200);
      frame.add(new JScrollPane(output));
      frame.setFocusableWindowState(false);
      frame.setVisible(true);
      setOutputStream(new OutputStream()
         {
            public void write(int b)
            {
            } // not called

            public void write(byte[] b, int off, int len)
            {
               output.append(new String(b, off, len));
            }
         });
   }

   public void publish(LogRecord record)
   {
      if (!frame.isVisible()) return;
      super.publish(record);
      flush();
   }
}
LoggingImageViewer

 运行结果:

按课件66-77内容练习并掌握Elipse的常用调试技术

1)条件断点 

 

2)变量断点

 

3)方法断点

4)异常断点

5)重新调试

6)单步执行程序 

7)检查变量

8)改变变量值

 

学习总结:

1. 处理错误

程序中常见的几类错误:

(1)用户输入错误

(2)设备错误

(3)物理限制

(4)代码错误

异常:

在程序执行的过程中所发生的异常事件,它中断指令的正常执行。

异常分类:

(1)非致命异常和致命异常

(2)在java中,异常对象都派生于Throwable类的一个实例。

(3)所有的异常类由Throwable继承而来,分为Error类和Exception类(重点学习)

(4)Exception类中的RuntimeException为运行时异常类,一般由程序错误产生。派生于Error类或RuntimeException类的所有异常被称为未检查异常,编译器允许不对这些异常进行处理 

(5)声明抛出异常:throws语句

(6)捕获异常:try、catch、finally块

Try语句:括住可能抛出异常的代码段

Catch语句:指明要捕获的异常及相应的处理代码

Finally语句:必须执行的程序块

断言:是程序的开发和测试阶段用于插入一些代码错误检测语句的工具。

断言(assert)语法如下:

1、assert 条件

或者

2、assert 条件:表达式

这两个形式都会对布尔“条件”进行判断,如果判断结果为假(false),说明程序已经处于不正确的状态下,系统则抛出AssertionError,给出警告并且退出。在第二种形式中,“表达式”会传入AssertionError的构造函数中并转成一个消息字符

日志和调试

调试技术:

按课件66-77内容练习并掌握Elipse的常用调试技术。

感受:

通过这个周的学习,我了解了异常的概念,以及异常的分类,掌握了异常的捕获和处理办法等。在课下的学习中,我初步学习了断言和java调试技术,但还是有很多不懂的地方,希望老师能仔细讲解。

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/1556889081wyq/p/9861577.html

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