共享内存的使用方法

代码1：

第一个是写数据：
/***** testwrite.c *******/
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
typedef struct{
        char name[4];
        int age;
} people;
main(int argc, char** argv)
{
        int shm_id,i;
        key_t key;
        char temp;
        people *p_map;
        char* name = "/dev/shm/myshm2";
        key = ftok(name,0);
        if(key==-1)
                perror("ftok error");
/*先用ftok创建一个key,再调用shmget，创建一块共享内存区域*/
        shm_id=shmget(key,4096,IPC_CREAT);       
        if(shm_id==-1)
        {
                perror("shmget error");
                return;
        }
/*将这块共享内存区附加到自己的内存段*/
        p_map=(people*)shmat(shm_id,NULL,0);
        temp='a';
        for(i = 0;i<10;i++)
        {
                temp+=1;
                memcpy((*(p_map+i)).name,&temp,1);
                (*(p_map+i)).age=20+i;
        }
/*写数据完毕，将其从自己的内存段中“删除”出去*/
        if(shmdt(p_map)==-1)
                perror(" detach error ");
}

/*读进程首先要得到那块内存块，这个时候，ftok根据文件名和ID创建的key就
很用了，步骤同创建是一样的*/
/********** testread.c ************/
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
typedef struct{
        char name[4];
        int age;
} people;
main(int argc, char** argv)
{
        int shm_id,i;
        key_t key;
        people *p_map;
        char* name = "/dev/shm/myshm2";
        key = ftok(name,0);
        if(key == -1)
                perror("ftok error");
        shm_id = shmget(key,4096,IPC_CREAT);       
        if(shm_id == -1)
        {
                perror("shmget error");
                return;
        }
        p_map = (people*)shmat(shm_id,NULL,0);
        for(i = 0;i<10;i++)
        {
        printf( "name:%s\n",(*(p_map+i)).name );
        printf( "age %d\n",(*(p_map+i)).age );
        }
        if(shmdt(p_map) == -1)
                perror(" detach error ");
}

注：事实上，ftok函数仅仅是根据文件名和ID生成一个起标识作用的key，根据《GNU Linux编程指南》说，Linux下实现这一函数还有点问题，不推荐用。于是我一般来说都是自己定义一个唯一的key，而不使用ftok函数。

 

 

 

代码2：

三个文件，一个头文件，一个读，一个写，用同一个key值申请共享内存。
//shm.h
#ifndef _SHM_COM_H
#define _SHM_COM_H 1
#define TEXT_SZ 2048
struct shared_use_at
{
    int written_by_you;
    char some_text[TEXT_SZ];
};
struct kts
{
 int power;
 int mode;
 int temp;
 int windspeed;
 int write_flag;
};
#endif
//shm_read.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include "shm.h"
int main()
{
 int running = 1;
 void *shared_memory = (void *)0;
 struct shared_use_at *shared_stuff;
 char buffer[BUFSIZ];
 int shmid;
    shmid = shmget((key_t)1234, sizeof(struct shared_use_at), 0666 | IPC_CREAT);
    if(shmid == -1)
    {
 fprintf(stderr, "shmget failed\n");
 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    shared_memory = shmat(shmid, (void *)0, 0);
    if(shared_memory == (void *)-1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "shmat failed\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    printf("Memory attached at %X\n", (int)shared_memory);
    shared_stuff = (struct shared_use_at *)shared_memory;
    while(running)
    {
        while(shared_stuff->written_by_you == 1)
        {
            sleep(1);
            printf("waiting for client...\n");
        }
        printf("Enter some text: ");
        fgets(buffer, BUFSIZ, stdin);
        strncpy(shared_stuff->some_text, buffer, TEXT_SZ);
        shared_stuff->written_by_you = 1;
        if(strncmp(buffer, "end", 3) == 0)
        {
            running = 0;
        }
    }
    if(shmdt(shared_memory) == -1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "shmdt failed\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
//shm_write.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include "shm.h"
int main()
{
    int running = 1;
 void *shared_memory = (void *)0;
    struct shared_use_at *shared_stuff;
    int shmid;
    srand((unsigned int) getpid());
    shmid = shmget((key_t)1234, sizeof(struct shared_use_at), 0666|IPC_CREAT);
    if(shmid == -1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "shmget failed\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    shared_memory = shmat(shmid, (void *)0, 0);
    if(shared_memory == (void *)-1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "shmat failed\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
 
    printf("Memory attached at %X\n", (int)shared_memory);
    shared_stuff = (struct shared_use_at *)shared_memory;
    shared_stuff->written_by_you = 0;
    while(running)
    {
        if(shared_stuff->written_by_you)
        {
            printf("You wrote: %s", shared_stuff->some_text);
            sleep(rand() % 4);
            shared_stuff->written_by_you = 0;
            if(strncmp(shared_stuff->some_text, "end", 3)==0)
            {
                running = 0;
            }
        }
    }
    if(shmdt(shared_memory)==-1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "shmdt failed\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
 
    if(shmctl(shmid, IPC_RMID, 0)==-1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "shmctl(IPC_RMID) failed\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
 
    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}