Promise高频手写面试题

Promise 常见手写

首先做个总结，凡是跟promise相关的手写，返回值一定是个promise

1. 重试

   思路： 重试和all基本是最简单的了。随便网上抄了一个

   Promise.retry = (fn, options = {}) => {
   
     if (!isFunction(fn)) throw new Error('fn is not a function')
     
     const { max = 3, delay = 0 } = options
     let curMax = max
     const delayExec = () => delay && new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, delay))
   
     return new Promise(async (resolve, reject) => {
       while (curMax > 0) {
         try {
           const res = await fn()
           resolve(res)
           return
         } catch (error) {
           await delayExec()
           curMax--
           console.warn(`剩余次数${curMax}`)
           if (!curMax) reject(error)
         }
       }
     })
   }
   
   

2. promise 实现一个最大并发

   思路：这个东西乍一看还不太好在面试当中写出来，写法思路可能有很多，说下我的思路

   • 注意返回值仍然是个promise 用来处理异步错误异常捕获以及回调
   • 用变量记录当前pending队列 每次执行请求时向pending队列中加入一个等待执行函数
   • 用变量记录当前执行中的函数数量，如果请求数没超过当前限制，触发请求，每次执行请求时+1
   • 实现一个迭代执行函数，实现就是从pending队列中取一个出来执行，执行后判断队列中是否还有没执行的，有的话继续调用。

   function asyncPool(promiseFn, limit) {
     // 记录当前请求数
     let currentRunFnNum = 0;
     // 记录当前pending队列
     let pendingList = [];
     
     function run() {
         const [runTask,resolve, reject, ...params] = pendingList.shift();
         runTask(...params).then((res)=>{
             resolve(res)
             currentRunFnNum -= 1;
             if(pendingList.length >0) {
                 run(resolve, reject)
             }
         }).catch(reject);
       
       
     }
   
     return (...params) => new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
          pendingList.push([
              promiseFn,
              resolve, reject,
              ...params,
          ]);
          if(currentRunFnNum < limit) {
              currentRunFnNum +=1;
              run()
          }
         
     });
   
   }
   
   

3. 多次请求结果按照顺序返回

   思路： 考这个就有点变态了其实，至今没遇到。这个是我在实际工作中写的代码 直接粘过来了
   思路的话就是每次请求时记录一个自增的请求ID 以及当前的返回状态 默认为false
   请求结束后，向前遍历是否有没有请求回结果的函数。如果有，那么说明你要等待，将你的状态改为请求结束，同时保存响应结果以及resolve；如果你的id小于 状态记录长度，说明你后面有请求了，向后访问一个，执行其回调

   interface asyncOpHistoryItem {
       fetchId: number;
       isResolve: boolean;
       result?: any;
       next?: (res: any) => void;
   }
   
   type PromiseFunction = (...props: any[]) => Promise<unknown>;
   
   function asyncOrderWrapper<T extends PromiseFunction>(fetch: T): T {
       const asyncOpHistory: asyncOpHistoryItem[] = [];
       const result = (...props: any[]) => {
           const fetchId = asyncOpHistory.length + 1;
           asyncOpHistory.push({
               fetchId,
               isResolve: false,
           });
           const resultUtil = (res: any, resolve: any) => {
               // 请求结束判断数组前是否有没有resolve的Promise
               for (let i = 0; i < fetchId - 1; i += 1) {
                   if (asyncOpHistory[i].isResolve === false) {
                       // 说明有那么带着返回结果等待执行
                       asyncOpHistory[fetchId - 1] = {
                           fetchId,
                           isResolve: true,
                           result: res,
                           next: resolve,
                       };
                       return;
                   }
               }
   
               // 没有 那么就直接resolve
               asyncOpHistory[fetchId - 1] = {
                   fetchId,
                   isResolve: true,
               };
               resolve(res);
               // 如果当前id 小于数组长度 说明后面有请求请求完了等你呢。
               let loopIndex = fetchId;
               let needLoop = true;
               while (loopIndex < asyncOpHistory.length && needLoop) {
                   loopIndex += 1;
                   const tempObj = asyncOpHistory[loopIndex - 1];
                   if (tempObj.isResolve && tempObj.next) {
                       tempObj.next(tempObj.result);
                       asyncOpHistory[loopIndex - 1] = {
                           fetchId: loopIndex,
                           isResolve: true,
                       };
                   } else {
                       needLoop = false;
                   }
               }
           };
           // console.log(asyncOpHistory)
           return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
               fetch(...props).then((res: any) => {
                   resultUtil(res, resolve);
               }).catch((res: any) => {
                   resultUtil(res, reject);
               });
           });
       };
       return result as T;
   }
   

4. Promise.all

   
   Promise.myAll = (PromiseFnList: (...params: any)=>Promise) => {
     let returnData = [];
     return new Promise((resolve, reject)=>{
       PromiseList.map((i, index) => {
     
         Pomise.resolve(i).then((res)=>{
           returnData[index] = res;
   
           // 每次请求结束后校验是否所有结果都返回了
           let canResolve = true;
           for(i=0;i<PromiseList.length;i+=1) {
               if(!returnData[i]) {
                 canResolve = false
               }
           }
           if(canResolve) resolve(returnData)；
         }).catch(reject)
       })
     })
   }
   
   

   all 的话还有个类似于2的变种，限制同时并发请求数，比2简单

   思路通

   function asyncPool(promiseFnList, limit) {
   
     return new Promise((resolve, reject) =>{ 
           let returnValue = [];
           let currentRunIndex = -1;
           function run() {
               currentRunIndex+=1
               promiseFnList[currentRunIndex]().then(res=>{
                   returnValue[currentRunIndex] = res;
                   if(returnValue.length === promiseFnList && !returnValue.find(n=>!!n)){
                       // 说明所有的请求运行完毕 结果都在请求中
                       resolve(returnValue)
                   }
                   if(currentRunIndex < promiseFnList.length) {
                       // 此时说明有一个函数执行结束，但是仍有请求没执行完
                       run()
                   }
               }).catch(reject)
           }
           promiseFnList.slice(0, limit).map(i=>{
               run()
           })
     });
   
   }
   

5. Promise.race

   Promise.myRace = (PromiseFnList: (...params: any)=>Promise) => {
     return new Promise((resolve, reject)=>{
       // done 用来销毁二次返回
       let done = false;
       PromiseFnList.forEach(item => {
           //如果不是MyPromise对象，需要转换
           Promise.resolve(item).then(res => {
               if (!done) {
                   resolve(res);
                   done = true;
               };
           }, err => {
               if (!done) {
                   reject(err);
                   done = true;
               };
           });
       })
     })
   }
   
   

6. Promise 实现一个sleep函数

   let sleep = (time) => {
       return new Promise((res)=>{
           setTimeout(()=>{
               console.log('执行成功', tiem);
               res();
           }, time)
       })
   };