1、IP
//测试IP
public class InetAddressDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//查询本机地址
InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(inetAddress1);
InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
System.out.println(inetAddress2);
InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(inetAddress3);
//查询网站IP地址
InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
System.out.println(inetAddress4);
System.out.println(inetAddress4.getCanonicalHostName());//规范的名字
System.out.println(inetAddress4.getHostAddress());//ip
System.out.println(inetAddress4.getHostName());//域名，或者自己本机名字
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
2、端口
端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程:
-
不同的进程有不同的端口号，用来区分程序
-
端口号0~65535，不能冲突
-
端口分类
-
共有端口 0~1023
-
HTTP：80
-
HTTPS：443
-
FTP：21
-
Telnet：23
-
-
程序注册端口 1024~49151，分配用户或者程序
-
Tomcat：8080
-
Mysql：3306
-
Oracle：1521
-
-
动态、私有：49152~65535
-
netstat -ano //查看所有端口 netstat -ano|findstr "5900" //查看指定端口 tasklist |findstr "15892" //查看指定PID进程
public class InetSocketAddressDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
InetSocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8080);
System.out.println(socketAddress);
System.out.println(socketAddress.getHostName());//hostname
System.out.println(socketAddress.getAddress());//ip
System.out.println(socketAddress.getPort());//端口
}
}
3、TCP
TCP稳定连接，有客户端和服务端。
客户端
-
连接服务端：Socket
-
发送消息：getOutputStream
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os = null;
try {
//1.知道服务端的端口和地址
InetAddress inetAddress = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port = 9999;
//2.创建一个socket连接
socket = new Socket(inetAddress,port);
//3.给服务端传输消息
os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("好好学习，天天向上".getBytes());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if(os!=null){
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket!=null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
服务端
-
建立服务端的端口：ServerSocket
-
等待客户端的连接：accept()
-
接收客户端的消息：管道流实现ByteArrayOutputStream
public class TcpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//提升作用域
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
try {
//1.创建一个服务端的地址
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
while (true){//一直保持服务端连接
//2.等待客户端连接
socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3.接收客户端消息
is = socket.getInputStream();
//管道流
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
baos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
//关闭资源
if(baos!=null){
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(is!=null){
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(socket!=null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (serverSocket!=null){
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
4、文件上传
客户端
public class TcpClientDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1.连接服务端地址
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),8888);
//2.向服务端传输文件
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3.读取输入文件
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("ceshi.txt"));//文件需要放在根目录下
//4.写出输入文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=fis.read(buffer))!=-1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知服务端，我已传输完毕
socket.shutdownOutput();
//确定服务端已接收完毕，断开连接
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
int len2;
while ((len2= is.read(buffer2))!=-1){
baos.write(buffer2,0,len2);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
//关闭资源
baos.close();
is.close();
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
}
服务端
public class TcpServerDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1.创建服务端地址
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8888);
//2.等待客户端连接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3.接收客户端文件
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//4.文件输出
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.txt"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知客户端，我已接收到文件
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("服务端已接收到文件".getBytes());
//关闭资源
os.close();
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}
5、UDP
UDP不稳定连接，没有客户端和服务端。只有发送端和接收端
发送端
//发送端
public class UdpSendDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.建立一个socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
//2.建个包
String msg = "你好，接收端";
InetAddress inetAddress = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port = 9090;
//发送给谁，数据
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(),0,msg.getBytes().length,inetAddress,port);
//3.发送包
socket.send(packet);
//关闭资源
socket.close();
}
}
接收端
//接收端
public class UdpReceiveDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.开发端口
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
//2.接收数据包
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接收
System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());//输出发送端地址
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));//输出发送包内容
//关闭资源
socket.close();
}
}
5.1、单方面发送消息
发送端
public class UdpSendDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//创建一个socket连接
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9000);
//读取输入数据
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while (true){
String data = reader.readLine();//数据不可读
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();//转换为字节变成可读
//存放包
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress("localhost",6666));
//发送包
socket.send(packet);
//输入bye，断开连接
if (data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
reader.close();
socket.close();
}
}
接收端
public class UdpReceiveDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//创建一个socket连接
DatagramSocket socket=new DatagramSocket(6666);
//接收包
while (true){
//接收包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹
//读取数据包
byte[] data = packet.getData();
//转换类型输出数据包
String receiveData = new String(data,0,data.length);//转换成字符串读取
System.out.println(receiveData.trim());//trim()去掉两端多余的空格
//接收到bye,断开连接
if(receiveData.trim().equals("bye")){//没加trim()，接收端无法退出循环，因为字符串后面还有空格
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
5.2、互相发送消息（聊天）
利用多线程
-
创建两个类：一个发送端、一个接收端。
-
举例学生和老师：
-
学生即是发送端，也是接收端；老师即是发送端，也是接收端
-
当学生发送消息时，学生是发送端，老师是接收端
-
当老师发送消息时，老师是发送端，学生是接收端
-
发送端
public class TalkSendDemo01 implements Runnable{
//提升作用域
DatagramSocket socket =null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
private int fromPort;//发送端自己端口
private String toIP;//要发送的地址（接收端）
private int toPort;//要发送的端口（接收端）
public TalkSendDemo01(int fromPort,String toIP,int toPort) {
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.toIP = toIP;
this.toPort = toPort;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while (true) {
//获取输入数据
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] buffer = data.getBytes();
//打包数据到数据包中，包括接收端的IP和端口
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length, new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP, this.toPort));
//发送数据包
socket.send(packet);
//当输入bye，发送包后断开连接
if (data.equals("bye")) {
break;
}
}
//关闭资源
reader.close();
socket.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
接收端
public class TalkReceiveDemo01 implements Runnable {
//提升作用域
private int fromPort;//接收端自己端口
private String msg;//发送端的名字
DatagramSocket socket = null;
public TalkReceiveDemo01(int fromPort, String msg) {
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.msg = msg;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
try {
//获取数据包
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
socket.receive(packet);
//读出数据包
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data,0,data.length);
System.out.println(msg+"端口"+packet.getPort()+":"+receiveData.trim());
//接收到bye后，断开连接
if (receiveData.trim().equals("bye")){//trim(),去掉多余的空格
break;}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//关闭资源
socket.close();
}
}
学生
-
发送端口：8888；发送消息时：8888--------->9090
-
接收端口：6666；接收消息时：6666<---------9999
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//开启两个线程
//当学生发消息时，8888是学生发送端端口，9090是老师接收端端口
new Thread(new TalkSendDemo01(8888,"localhost",9090)).start();
//当学生收到消息时，6666是学生接收端端口
new Thread(new TalkReceiveDemo01(6666,"老师")).start();
}
}
老师
-
发送端口：9999；发送消息时：9999--------->6666
-
接收端口：9090；接收消息时：9090<---------8888
public class TalkTeacher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//开启两个线程
//当老师发消息时，9999是老师发送端端口，6666是学生接收端端口
new Thread(new TalkSendDemo01(9999,"localhost",6666)).start();
//当老师收到消息时，9090是老师接收端端口
new Thread(new TalkReceiveDemo01(9090,"学生")).start();
}
}
6、URL
统一资源定位符：定位互联网上的某一个资源
协议://ip:端口/项目名/资源
public class UrlDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {
URL url = new URL("http://192.168.1.1:8080/helloworld/index.jsp?username=xuexi&password=123456");
System.out.println(url.getProtocol());//协议 http
System.out.println(url.getHost());//主机IP 192.168.1.1
System.out.println(url.getPort());//端口 8080
System.out.println(url.getPath());//文件 /helloworld/index.jsp
System.out.println(url.getFile());//全路径 /helloworld/index.jsp?username=xuexi&password=123456
System.out.println(url.getQuery());//参数 username=xuexi&password=123456
}
}
实际从网站上下载资源
public class UrlDownDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.下载地址
URL url = new URL("https://m701.music.126.net/20220410171543/193310eea75ac4d87dd310bc75a69a11/jdyyaac/0658/0108/0209/12abcbb53f6be0d4c17f5c04b6df7a0b.m4a");
//2.连接到这个资源 HTTP
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
InputStream is = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("f.m4a");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);//写出这个数据
}
//关闭资源
fos.close();
is.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();//断开连接
}
}
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