关于 djangorestframework记录三篇：APIView

继：https://blog.csdn.net/ak739105231/article/details/110562811

一、APIView之request

-----------------------------------View获取数据方式：
   GET：
        request.GET
   POST:
        request.POST
        request.body
-----------------------------------APIView获取数据方式:
   GET:
        reuqest.query_params
   POST:
        request.data

1.1 简单示例：1.url中as_view()的用法；2.views中类继承APIView；3.views中类中get\post的示例

---------------------------------------------------------views.py文件中：
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from rest_framework.views import APIView
#定义类，继承APIView
class BookAPIView(APIView):
    def get(self,request):
        print(request.query_params)
        return HttpResponse(request.query_params["name"])

    def post(self,request):
        print(request.data)
        return HttpResponse(request.data["name"])
----------------------------------------------------------urls.py文件中：
from django.urls import path
from app06 import views
urlpatterns = [
    path('books/', views.BookAPIView.as_view()),
]
-------------------------------------------------------------效果描述：
python manage.py runserver 运行project;
1.通过postman工具，使用get方式请求接口：http://127.0.0.1:8088/app06/books/?name=zhangsna&user=lisi
2.通过postman工具，使用post方式请求接口：http://127.0.0.1:8088/app06/books/

结果：两种方式分别调用BookAPIView里面的get、post函数，正确响应；

二、APIView之response

目的：可以使用response响应各种数据和状态（1.可以返回各种类型数据；2.可以配合状态码使用）

要使用rest_framework中的Response,而不是使用django中的http

from rest_framework.response import Response

示例：views.py文件中，简单的使用rest_framework中的Response，加上status状态码

from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response   #使用rest_framework中的Response
from rest_framework import status  #加上状态码，
#定义类，继承APIView
class BookAPIView(APIView):
    def get(self,request):
        print(request.query_params)
        return Response(request.query_params)

    def post(self,request):
        print(request.data)
        return Response(request.data,status=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND) ##加上状态码

postman发起post请求：根据views.py中类的post函数中的Response的数据响应，状态码：404

三、APIView实现列表视图（获取所有数据、新增一条数据）

目的：可以使用serializers序列化器和APIView对列表视图进行改写

-----------------------------------------------------------views.py-----------------------
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response   #使用rest_framework中的Response
from rest_framework import status  #加上状态码，
from app06.models import *
from app06.serializers import *

#2,序列化器和APIView实现列表视图
class BookListView(APIView):
    def get(self,request):
        books = BookInfo.objects.all()
        serializer = BookInfoModelSerializer(instance=books,many=True)#由于books多个对象，所以加上many=True
        return Response(serializer.data)
    def post(self,request):
        dict_data = request.data  #APIView获取数据
        serializer = BookInfoModelSerializer(data=dict_data) #反序列化data
        serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)   #校验
        serializer.save()    #入库
        return Response(serializer.data,status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
-----------------------------------------------------------urls.py-----------------------
from django.urls import path
from app06 import views
urlpatterns = [
    path('books/', views.BookAPIView.as_view()),
    path('booklist/', views.BookListView.as_view()),
]

postman发起post请求：根据views.py中类的post函数中的Response的数据响应，入库；

三、APIView实现详情视图（获取一条数据、修改一条数据,删除一条数据）

注意：这里展示了put\delete的写法；put请求在url及请求body中都有参数；获取方式：request.query_params、request.data

-----------------------------------------------------------views.py-----------------------
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response   #使用rest_framework中的Response
from rest_framework import status  #加上状态码，
from app06.models import *
from app06.serializers import *

#2,序列化器和APIView实现详情视图
class BookInfoView(APIView):
    def get(self,request):
        book = BookInfo.objects.get(id=request.query_params["book_id"])
        serializer = BookInfoModelSerializer(instance=book)#由于books多个对象，所以加上many=True
        return Response(serializer.data,status=status.HTTP_200_OK)

    def put(self,request):
        data_dict = request.data  #APIView获取数据
        book = BookInfo.objects.get(id=request.query_params["book_id"])
        serializer = BookInfoModelSerializer(instance=book,data=data_dict) #反序列化data
        serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)   #校验
        serializer.save()    #入库
        return Response(serializer.data,status=status.HTTP_200_OK)

    def delete(self,request):
        BookInfo.objects.get(id=request.query_params["book_id"]).delete()
        return Response(status=status.HTTP_200_OK)
-----------------------------------------------------------urls.py-----------------------
from django.urls import path
from app06 import views
urlpatterns = [
    path('books/', views.BookAPIView.as_view()),
    path('booklist/', views.BookListView.as_view()),
    path('bookinfo/', views.BookInfoView.as_view()),
]