WebService（二）—JDK内置JAX-WS实现SOAP WebService

从Java6开始原生支持WebService的开发，这篇我们就来研究通过JDK内置JAX-WS实现SOAP WebService。

下面以实例来展开研究：

服务端--发布WebService

1、服务端-服务提供类和方法

package ws.service;

import javax.jws.WebMethod;
import javax.jws.WebParam;
import javax.jws.WebService;
import javax.jws.WebResult;

/**
 * WebService
 * @WebService将Java类标记为实现 Web Service
 * 1、serviceName :指定对外发布的服务名称;如不指定，则默认为类名+Service(即HelloServiceService)
 * 2、targetNamespace :指定服务的命名空间，名称自定义（uri格式）;如不指定，则默认为当前类的命名空间的倒序(即http://service.ws/)
 */
@WebService(serviceName="MyService",targetNamespace="http://www.tgb.edu")
public class HelloService {

    /**
     * sayHello
     * @param name
     * @return
     */
    public String sayHello(@WebParam(name="name") String name){
        return "hello: " + name;
    }
    
    /**
     * sayHello1
     * @param name
     * @return
     */
    @WebMethod(operationName="TGBsayHello")
    @WebResult(name="myReturn")
    public String sayHello1(@WebParam(name="name") String name){
        return "hello: " + name;
    }
    
    @WebMethod(exclude=true) //当前方法不被发布出去
    public String sayHello2(@WebParam(name="name") String name){
        return "hello: " + name;
    }
    
    public String sayGoodbye(@WebParam(name="name") String name){
        return "goodbye: " + name;
    }
}

2、服务发布类

package ws.service;

import javax.xml.ws.Endpoint;

public class HelloMain {
	
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    	
    	System.out.println("准备启动服务");
        /**
         * 参数1：服务的发布地址
         * 参数2：服务的实现者
         * Endpoint 会重新启动一个线程
         */
        Endpoint.publish("http://127.0.0.1:8086/helloService", new HelloService());
        System.out.println("服务启动完毕");
    }
    
}

3、发布结果

打开http://127.0.0.1:8086/helloService?wsdl

wsdl格式的xml，如下

<!-- Published by JAX-WS RI at http://jax-ws.dev.java.net. RI's version is 
	JAX-WS RI 2.2.4-b01. --><!-- Generated by JAX-WS RI at http://jax-ws.dev.java.net. RI's version is 
	JAX-WS RI 2.2.4-b01. -->
<definitions targetNamespace="http://www.tgb.edu" name="MyService">
	<types>
		<xsd:schema>
			<xsd:import namespace="http://www.tgb.edu"
				schemaLocation="http://127.0.0.1:8086/helloService?xsd=1" />
		</xsd:schema>
	</types>
	<message name="sayHello">
		<part name="parameters" element="tns:sayHello" />
	</message>
	<message name="sayHelloResponse">
		<part name="parameters" element="tns:sayHelloResponse" />
	</message>
	<message name="sayGoodbye">
		<part name="parameters" element="tns:sayGoodbye" />
	</message>
	<message name="sayGoodbyeResponse">
		<part name="parameters" element="tns:sayGoodbyeResponse" />
	</message>
	<portType name="HelloService">
		<operation name="sayHello">
			<input wsam:Action="http://www.tgb.edu/HelloService/sayHelloRequest"
				message="tns:sayHello" />
			<output wsam:Action="http://www.tgb.edu/HelloService/sayHelloResponse"
				message="tns:sayHelloResponse" />
		</operation>
		<operation name="sayGoodbye">
			<input wsam:Action="http://www.tgb.edu/HelloService/sayGoodbyeRequest"
				message="tns:sayGoodbye" />
			<output wsam:Action="http://www.tgb.edu/HelloService/sayGoodbyeResponse"
				message="tns:sayGoodbyeResponse" />
		</operation>
	</portType>
	<binding name="HelloServicePortBinding" type="tns:HelloService">
		<soap:binding transport="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http"
			style="document" />
		<operation name="sayHello">
			<soap:operation soapAction="" />
			<input>
				<soap:body use="literal" />
			</input>
			<output>
				<soap:body use="literal" />
			</output>
		</operation>
		<operation name="sayGoodbye">
			<soap:operation soapAction="" />
			<input>
				<soap:body use="literal" />
			</input>
			<output>
				<soap:body use="literal" />
			</output>
		</operation>
	</binding>
	<service name="MyService">
		<port name="HelloServicePort" binding="tns:HelloServicePortBinding">
			<soap:address location="http://127.0.0.1:8086/helloService" />
		</port>
	</service>
</definitions>

客户端--请求WebService

1、请求类和方法

package ws.client;

import javax.jws.WebMethod;
import javax.jws.WebParam;
import javax.jws.WebResult;
import javax.jws.WebService;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlSeeAlso;
import javax.xml.ws.RequestWrapper;
import javax.xml.ws.ResponseWrapper;

@WebService(name = "MyService", targetNamespace = "http://www.tgb.edu")
public interface HelloClient {
	
	//@WebMethod(operationName="TGBsayHello")
    //@WebResult(name = "myReturn")
    //@RequestWrapper(localName = "TGBsayHello")
    //@ResponseWrapper(localName = "TGBsayHelloResponse")
    public String sayHello(@WebParam(name = "name") String arg0);
	
}

2、发起请求类

package ws.client;

import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;

import javax.xml.namespace.QName;
import javax.xml.ws.Service;

public class AppMain {
	
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		//创建访问wsdl服务地址的url  
        URL wsdlUrl = new URL("http://127.0.0.1:8086/helloService");
        /* 创建服务
         * 通过Qname指明服务的具体信息
         * QName第一个参数：服务地址
         * QName第二个参数：serviceName(如不指定则是：实现类名+Service)
         */
        QName qname = new QName("http://www.tgb.edu","MyService");  
        Service s = Service.create(wsdlUrl, qname);
        HelloClient hs = s.getPort(new QName("http://www.tgb.edu","HelloServicePort"), HelloClient.class);
        String ret = hs.sayHello("zhang");
        System.out.println(ret);
    }
}

3、请求结果

输出：hello: zhang

总结

注解的形式，使得服务的发布和访问更加灵活，也让服务端对外更加安全。

ps：如何理解各个注解的含义，和服务端的wsdl相互对照就清楚了。