（django）07 django用户认证

最新推荐文章于 2022-10-13 16:50:40 发布

akswyh

最新推荐文章于 2022-10-13 16:50:40 发布

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分类专栏： Coding 文章标签： django python 后端

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/akswyh/article/details/125695866

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本文介绍了如何在Django中创建管理员用户和普通用户，并通过前端模板与视图进行用户注册和登录的交互。详细展示了创建超级用户、使用Django后台注册用户以及前端HTML模板的编写，包括Bootstrap样式的应用。同时，提供了视图函数实现用户验证和注册功能，以及URL路由配置。最终展示了登录和注册页面的效果。

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django用户认证

文章目录

django用户认证

1.创建管理员用户superuser

python manage.py createsuperuser

创建的用户可以在sqlite表里看到：
请添加图片描述

2.注册新用户

（1）用django后台创建

请添加图片描述

3.和前端交互创建

（1）前端模板

base.html套用了bootstrap的样式

{% load static %}

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <!-- 上述3个meta标签*必须*放在最前面，任何其他内容都*必须*跟随其后！ -->
    <title>{% block title %}base{% endblock %}</title>

    <!-- Bootstrap -->
    <link href="{% static 'css/bootstrap.min.css' %}" rel="stylesheet">

    <!-- HTML5 shim and Respond.js for IE8 support of HTML5 elements and media queries -->
    <!-- WARNING: Respond.js doesn't work if you view the page via file:// -->
    <!--[if lt IE 9]>
      <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/html5shiv/3.7.3/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
      <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/respond.js/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script>
    <![endif]-->
    {% block css %}{% endblock %}
  </head>
  <body>
    <nav class="navbar navbar-default">
      <div class="container-fluid">
        <!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display -->
        <div class="navbar-header">
          <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#my-nav" aria-expanded="false">
            <span class="sr-only">切换导航条</span>
            <span class="icon-bar"></span>
            <span class="icon-bar"></span>
            <span class="icon-bar"></span>
          </button>
          <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Mysite</a>
        </div>

        <!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling -->
        <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="my-nav">
          <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
            <li class="active"><a href="/index/">主页</a></li>
          </ul>
          <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
            <li><a href="/login/">登录</a></li>
            <li><a href="/register/">注册</a></li>
          </ul>
        </div><!-- /.navbar-collapse -->
      </div><!-- /.container-fluid -->
    </nav>

    {% block content %}{% endblock %}


    <!-- jQuery (necessary for Bootstrap's JavaScript plugins) -->
    <script src="{% static 'js/jquery-3.2.1.js' %}"></script>
    <!-- Include all compiled plugins (below), or include individual files as needed -->
    <script src="{% static 'js/bootstrap.min.js' %}"></script>
  </body>
</html>

{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% load static %}
<!-- 修改前端模板为{% load static %} -->
<!-- 因为在django3.x中这部分做了修改 -->
{% block title %}登录{% endblock %}
{% block css %}
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'css/login.css' %}">
{% endblock %}


{% block content %}
    <div class="container">
        <div class="col-md-4 col-md-offset-4">
            <form class='form-login' action="/login/login/" method="post">
                {% csrf_token %}
                {% if message %}
                    <div class="alert alert-warning">{{ message }}</div>
                {% endif %}


                <h2 class="text-center">欢迎登录</h2>
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="id_username">用户名：</label>
                    <input type="text" name='username' class="form-control" id="id_username" placeholder="Username"
                           autofocus required>
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="id_password">密码：</label>
                    <input type="password" name='password' class="form-control" id="id_password" placeholder="Password"
                           required>
                </div>
                <button type="reset" class="btn btn-default pull-left">重置</button>
                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary pull-right">提交</button>
            </form>
        </div>
    </div> <!-- /container -->
{% endblock %}

{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% load static %}
<!-- 修改前端模板为{% load static %} -->
<!-- 因为在django3.x中这部分做了修改 -->
{% block title %}登录{% endblock %}
{% block css %}
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'css/login.css' %}">
{% endblock %}


{% block content %}
    <div class="container">
        <div class="col-md-4 col-md-offset-4">
            <form class='form-login' action="/login/register/" method="post">

                {% if message %}
                    <div class="alert alert-warning">{{ message }}</div>
                {% endif %}

                {% csrf_token %}
                <h2 class="text-center">欢迎新用户注册！</h2>
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="id_username">用户名：</label>
                    <input type="text" name='username' class="form-control" id="id_username" placeholder="Username"
                           autofocus required>
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="id_password">密码：</label>
                    <input type="password" name='password' class="form-control" id="id_password" placeholder="Password"
                           required>
                </div>
                <button type="reset" class="btn btn-default pull-left">重置</button>
                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary pull-right">注册</button>
            </form>
        </div>
    </div> <!-- /container -->
{% endblock %}

index.html

{#login/templates/index.html#}

{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block title %}主页{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
    <h1>欢迎回家！{{ name }}</h1>
{% endblock %}

（2）视图

from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect


# Create your views here.
from django.contrib import auth
def login(request):
    if request.method == "POST":
        username = request.POST.get('username')
        password = request.POST.get('password')
        # 验证用户名和密码
        user_obj = auth.authenticate(username=username, password=password)
        # print(user_obj.username)
        if not user_obj:
            return redirect("/login/login/")
        else:
            auth.login(request, user_obj)
            return render(request, 'index.html',{'name':username})
    return render(request, 'login.html')

from django.contrib.auth.models import User
def register(request):
    if request.method == "POST":
        uname=request.POST.get('username')
        psd = request.POST.get('password')
        User.objects.create_user(username=uname, password=psd) # 调用create_user，数据库的密码是密文；调用create_superuser，可以指定email
        return HttpResponse("用户创建成功")
    return render(request,'register.html')


def index(request):
    return render(request,'index.html')

auth.authenticate应该只能验证通过密码的密文一致的用户，也就是说要用create_user创建新用户

（3）路由

子路由

from django.urls import path
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('login/', views.login),
    path('index/', views.index),
    path('register/', views.register),
]