（django）09 django中间件和两种视图

django中间件

1.基本中间件

在settings.py中配置

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

2.自定义中间件

process_request(self,request) # 作用在请求被路由处理之前
process_view(self, request, view_func, view_args, view_kwargs) # 作用在视图渲染之前
process_exception(self, request, exception) # 作用在异常处理之前
process_response(self, request, response) # 作用在响应之前

（0）注册中间件

修改settings.py

MIDDLEWARE = [
    ······
    'middlewaretest.middlewares.MyMiddleware',
]

（1）定义middlewares.py

class MyMiddleware(MiddlewareMixin):
    def process_request(self, request):
        print("MyMiddleware  process_request 方法：", id(request)) #在视图之前执行

    def process_response(self,request, response): #基于请求响应
        print("MyMiddleware  process_response 方法：", id(request)) #在视图之后
        return response

    # 在这里修改正则url传来的参数pk
    def process_view(self,request, view_func, view_args, view_kwargs):
        print("MyMiddleware  process_view 方法：", id(request)) #在视图之前执行 顺序执行
        print("view_func: ",view_func.__name__)
        print("view_args:  ",view_args)
        print("view_kwargs:  ", view_kwargs)

        # 这里hook修改特定的视图函数
        if view_func.__name__=='book_detail':
            view_kwargs['pk']='1'
        # return view_func(request) # 这里return的话，会替代掉原有的视图函数


    def process_exception(self, request, exception):#引发错误 才会触发这个方法
        print("MyMiddleware  process_exception 方法：")
        # return HttpResponse(exception) #返回错误信息

（2）重点看看process_view

结合后文中的正则url传参，链接： （django）10 django restful api

url(r'^api/book/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)$', book_detail),

这个路由调用视图函数时会有一个形参pk

@api_view(['GET', 'PUT', 'DELETE'])
def book_detail(request, pk):
    print("pk:  ",pk)
    ······

在这里，可以通过hook打印出pk，效果如图：

django 视图

1.基于函数的视图

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse

def login(request):
    # 如果是GET方式
    if request.method=='GET':
        return HttpResponse("GET请求的响应")

    # 如果是POST方式
    user = request.POST.get("user")
    pwd = request.POST.get("pwd")
    if user == "alexw" and pwd == "alexw123":
        return HttpResponse("认证成功的POST！！！")
    else:
        return HttpResponse("认证失败的POST。。。")

效果

2.基于类的视图

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from django.views import View

# Create your views here.


class Login(View):
    def get(self,request):
        return HttpResponse("GET请求的响应")

    def post(self,request):
        user = request.POST.get("user")
        pwd = request.POST.get("pwd")
        if user == "alexw" and pwd == "alexw123":
            return HttpResponse("认证成功的POST！！！")
        else:
            return HttpResponse("认证失败的POST。。。")

• 需要继承View基类

效果