javaWeb学习之旅2-HttpServlet、HttpRequest、HttpRespone

浏览器和后端的交互流程（基本交互）

继承HttpServlet实现自己的GET、POST、PUT、DELET等，来处理请求

HttpServlet只不过是针对Http协议"生成的默认Servlet"，包括HttpServletRequest以及HttpServletResponse都是针对Http协议又继承自ServletRequest和ServletResponse。为的是更好的处理http请求和响应（自己解析请求字符串太麻烦了！）。处理http请求的Servlet需要继承自抽象类HttpServlet(不是必须的，还有GenericaServlet)，HttpServlet的父级接口是Servlet。
Servlet类的源码如下：

package javax.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;

public interface Servlet {
    void init(ServletConfig var1) throws ServletException;

    ServletConfig getServletConfig();

    void service(ServletRequest var1, ServletResponse var2) throws ServletException, IOException;

    String getServletInfo();

    void destroy();
}

HttpServlet的源码如下：

public abstract class HttpServlet extends GenericServlet {
    private static final String METHOD_DELETE = "DELETE";
    private static final String METHOD_HEAD = "HEAD";
    private static final String METHOD_GET = "GET";
    private static final String METHOD_OPTIONS = "OPTIONS";
    private static final String METHOD_POST = "POST";
    private static final String METHOD_PUT = "PUT";
    private static final String METHOD_TRACE = "TRACE";
    private static final String HEADER_IFMODSINCE = "If-Modified-Since";
    private static final String HEADER_LASTMOD = "Last-Modified";
    private static final String LSTRING_FILE = "javax.servlet.http.LocalStrings";
    private static ResourceBundle lStrings = ResourceBundle.getBundle("javax.servlet.http.LocalStrings");

    public HttpServlet() {
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String protocol = req.getProtocol();
        String msg = lStrings.getString("http.method_get_not_supported");
        if (protocol.endsWith("1.1")) {
            resp.sendError(405, msg);
        } else {
            resp.sendError(400, msg);
        }

    }

    protected long getLastModified(HttpServletRequest req) {
        ........
    }

    protected void doHead(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
    ........
    }

    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String protocol = req.getProtocol();
        String msg = lStrings.getString("http.method_post_not_supported");
        if (protocol.endsWith("1.1")) {
            resp.sendError(405, msg);
        } else {
            resp.sendError(400, msg);
        }

    }

    protected void doPut(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String protocol = req.getProtocol();
        String msg = lStrings.getString("http.method_put_not_supported");
        if (protocol.endsWith("1.1")) {
            resp.sendError(405, msg);
        } else {
            resp.sendError(400, msg);
        }

    }

    protected void doDelete(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
     ........
    }

    private Method[] getAllDeclaredMethods(Class<? extends HttpServlet> c) {
      ........
    }

    protected void doOptions(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
      .......
    }

    protected void doTrace(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
       ......
    }

    protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String method = req.getMethod();
        long lastModified;
        if (method.equals("GET")) {
            lastModified = this.getLastModified(req);
            if (lastModified == -1L) {
                this.doGet(req, resp);
            } else {
                long ifModifiedSince = req.getDateHeader("If-Modified-Since");
                if (ifModifiedSince < lastModified) {
                    this.maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified);
                    this.doGet(req, resp);
                } else {
                    resp.setStatus(304);
                }
            }
        } else if (method.equals("HEAD")) {
            lastModified = this.getLastModified(req);
            this.maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified);
            this.doHead(req, resp);
        } else if (method.equals("POST")) {
            this.doPost(req, resp);
        } else if (method.equals("PUT")) {
            this.doPut(req, resp);
        } else if (method.equals("DELETE")) {
            this.doDelete(req, resp);
        } else if (method.equals("OPTIONS")) {
            this.doOptions(req, resp);
        } else if (method.equals("TRACE")) {
            this.doTrace(req, resp);
        } else {
            String errMsg = lStrings.getString("http.method_not_implemented");
            Object[] errArgs = new Object[]{method};
            errMsg = MessageFormat.format(errMsg, errArgs);
            resp.sendError(501, errMsg);
        }

    }

    private void maybeSetLastModified(HttpServletResponse resp, long lastModified) {
    .......
    }

    public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res) throws ServletException, IOException {
        if (req instanceof HttpServletRequest && res instanceof HttpServletResponse) {
            HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest)req;
            HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse)res;
            this.service(request, response);
        } else {
            throw new ServletException("non-HTTP request or response");
        }
    }
}

ps:可以看到，当调用Service方法时，会根据具体的请求方法，调用指定的处理方法，开发人员就是要在这些指定的方法中实现自己的业务逻辑来处理请求！

HttpRequset、HttpResponse

这两者能够调用什么方法我就不在此处总结了，毕竟网上真的太多了。百度一下吧。