1.虚拟化介绍
虚拟化是云计算的基础。简单的说，虚拟化使得在一台物理的服务器上可以跑多台虚拟机，虚拟机共享物理机的 CPU、内存、IO 硬件资源，但逻辑上虚拟机之间是相互隔离的。
物理机我们一般称为宿主机（Host），宿主机上面的虚拟机称为客户机（Guest）。
那么 Host 是如何将自己的硬件资源虚拟化，并提供给 Guest 使用的呢？
这个主要是通过一个叫做 Hypervisor 的程序实现的。
根据 Hypervisor 的实现方式和所处的位置，虚拟化又分为两种：
- 全虚拟化
- 半虚拟化
全虚拟化：
Hypervisor 直接安装在物理机上，多个虚拟机在 Hypervisor 上运行。Hypervisor 实现方式一般是一个特殊定制的 Linux 系统。Xen 和 VMWare 的 ESXi 都属于这个类型
半虚拟化：
物理机上首先安装常规的操作系统，比如 Redhat、Ubuntu 和 Windows。Hypervisor 作为 OS 上的一个程序模块运行，并对管理虚拟机进行管理。KVM、VirtualBox 和 VMWare Workstation 都属于这个类型
理论上讲：
全虚拟化一般对硬件虚拟化功能进行了特别优化，性能上比半虚拟化要高；
半虚拟化因为基于普通的操作系统，会比较灵活，比如支持虚拟机嵌套。嵌套意味着可以在KVM虚拟机中再运行KVM。
2. kvm介绍
kVM 全称是 Kernel-Based Virtual Machine。也就是说 KVM 是基于 Linux 内核实现的。
KVM有一个内核模块叫 kvm.ko，只用于管理虚拟 CPU 和内存。
那 IO 的虚拟化，比如存储和网络设备则是由 Linux 内核与Qemu来实现。
作为一个 Hypervisor，KVM 本身只关注虚拟机调度和内存管理这两个方面。IO 外设的任务交给 Linux 内核和 Qemu。
大家在网上看 KVM 相关文章的时候肯定经常会看到 Libvirt 这个东西。
Libvirt 就是 KVM 的管理工具。
其实，Libvirt 除了能管理 KVM 这种 Hypervisor，还能管理 Xen，VirtualBox 等。
Libvirt 包含 3 个东西：后台 daemon 程序 libvirtd、API 库和命令行工具 virsh
- libvirtd是服务程序，接收和处理 API 请求；
- API 库使得其他人可以开发基于 Libvirt 的高级工具，比如 virt-manager，这是个图形化的 KVM 管理工具；
- virsh 是我们经常要用的 KVM 命令行工具
3. kvm部署
环境说明：
| 系统类型 | ip | 主机名 |
|---|---|---|
| centos7 | 192.168.30.100 | vm1 |
3.1 kvm安装
部署前请确保你的CPU虚拟化功能已开启
- 虚拟机要关机设置CPU虚拟化
- 物理机要在BIOS里开启CPU虚拟化
系统为centos不需要在另行配置网络源
//关闭防火墙与SELINUX
[root@vm1 ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld
[root@vm1 ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config
# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled 修改成disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:
//安装所需的包
[root@vm1 ~]# yum -y install epel-release vim wget net-tools unzip zip gcc gcc-c++
//验证CPU是否支持KVM；如果结果中有vmx（Intel）或svm(AMD)字样，就说明CPU的支持的
[root@vm1 ~]# egrep -o 'vmx|svm' /proc/cpuinfo
vmx
//kvm安装
[root@vm1 ~]# yum -y install qemu-kvm qemu-kvm-tools qemu-img virt-manager libvirt libvirt-python libvirt-client virt-install virt-viewer bridge-utils libguestfs-tools
安装过程略......
//因为虚拟机中网络，我们一般都是和公司的其他服务器是同一个网段，所以我们需要把 \
KVM服务器的网卡配置成桥接模式。这样的话KVM的虚拟机就可以通过该桥接网卡和公司内部 \
其他服务器处于同一网段
//此处我的网卡是ens33，所以用br0来桥接ens33网卡
[root@vm1 network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-br0
TYPE=Bridge
DEVICE=br0
NM_CONTROLLED=no
BOOTPROTO=static
NAME=br0
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.30.100
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.30.2
DNS1=114.114.114.114
[root@vm1 network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-ens33
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=static
NAME=ens33
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes
BRIDGE=br0
NM_CONTROLLED=no
//重启网络
[root@vm1 network-scripts]# systemctl restart network
[root@vm1 network-scripts]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master br0 state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:e9:2e:d1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fee9:2ed1/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: br0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:e9:2e:d1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.30.100/24 brd 192.168.30.255 scope global br0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fee9:2ed1/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
//启动服务
[root@vm1 network-scripts]# systemctl enable --now libvirtd
//验证安装结果
[root@vm1 network-scripts]# lsmod|grep kvm
kvm_intel 174841 0
kvm 578518 1 kvm_intel
irqbypass 13503 1 kvm
//测试并验证安装结果
[root@vm1 network-scripts]# virsh -c qemu:///system list
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
[root@vm1 network-scripts]# virsh --version
4.5.0
[root@vm1 network-scripts]# virt-install --version
1.5.0
[root@vm1 network-scripts]# ln -s /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm /usr/bin/qemu-kvm
[root@vm1 network-scripts]# ll /usr/bin/qemu-kvm
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 Aug 4 21:54 /usr/bin/qemu-kvm -> /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm
[root@vm1 network-scripts]# lsmod |grep kvm
kvm_intel 174841 0
kvm 578518 1 kvm_intel
irqbypass 13503 1 kvm
//查看网桥信息
[root@vm1 network-scripts]# brctl show
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
br0 8000.000c29e92ed1 no ens33
virbr0 8000.525400b2ccd9 yes virbr0-nic
3.2 kvm web管理界面安装
kvm 的 web 管理界面是由 webvirtmgr 程序提供的。
//安装依赖包
[root@vm1 ~]# yum -y install git python-pip libvirt-python libxml2-python python-websockify supervisor nginx python-devel
//升级pip
[root@vm1 ~]# pip install --upgrade pip
Collecting pip
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/bd/b1/56a834acdbe23b486dea16aaf4c27ed28eb292695b90d01dff96c96597de/pip-20.2.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.5MB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.5MB 5.6kB/s
Installing collected packages: pip
Found existing installation: pip 8.1.2
Uninstalling pip-8.1.2:
Successfully uninstalled pip-8.1.2
Successfully installed pip-20.2.1
//从github上下载webvirtmgr代码
[root@vm1 ~]# cd /usr/local/src
[root@vm1 src]# git clone git://github.com/retspen/webvirtmgr.git
Cloning into 'webvirtmgr'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 5614, done.
remote: Total 5614 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 5614
Receiving objects: 100% (5614/5614), 2.98 MiB | 661.00 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (3602/3602), done.
//安装webvirtmgr
[root@vm1 src]# cd webvirtmgr/
[root@vm1 webvirtmgr]# pip install -r requirements.txt
DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 reached the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 is no longer maintained. pip 21.0 will drop support for Python 2.7 in January 2021. More details about Python 2 support in pip can be found at https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/development/release-process/#python-2-support
Collecting django==1.5.5
Downloading Django-1.5.5.tar.gz (8.1 MB)
|████████████████████████████████| 8.1 MB 6.6 kB/s
WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'ReadTimeoutError("HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=15)",)': /simple/gunicorn/
Collecting gunicorn==19.5.0
Downloading gunicorn-19.5.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (113 kB)
|████████████████████████████████| 113 kB 8.9 kB/s
Collecting lockfile>=0.9
Downloading lockfile-0.12.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (13 kB)
Using legacy 'setup.py install' for django, since package 'wheel' is not installed.
Installing collected packages: django, gunicorn, lockfile
Running setup.py install for django ... done
Successfully installed django-1.5.5 gunicorn-19.5.0 lockfile-0.12.2
//检查sqlite3是否安装
[root@vm1 webvirtmgr]# python
Python 2.7.5 (default, Apr 2 2020, 13:16:51)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-39)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import sqlite3
>>> exit()
//初始化帐号信息
[root@vm1 webvirtmgr]# python manage.py syncdb
WARNING:root:No local_settings file found.
Creating tables ...
Creating table auth_permission
Creating table auth_group_permissions
Creating table auth_group
Creating table auth_user_groups
Creating table auth_user_user_permissions
Creating table auth_user
Creating table django_content_type
Creating table django_session
Creating table django_site
Creating table servers_compute
Creating table instance_instance
Creating table create_flavor
You just installed Django's auth system, which means you don't have any superusers defined.
Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes //问你是否创建超级管理员帐号
Username (leave blank to use 'root'): //指定超级管理员帐号用户名，默认留空为root
Email address: 1029616251@qq.com //设置超级管理员邮箱
Password: //设置超级管理员密码
Password (again): //再次输入超级管理员密码
Superuser created successfully.
Installing custom SQL ...
Installing indexes ...
Installed 6 object(s) from 1 fixture(s)
//拷贝web网页至指定目录
[root@vm1 webvirtmgr]# mkdir /var/www
[root@vm1 webvirtmgr]# cp -r /usr/local/src/webvirtmgr /var/www/
[root@vm1 webvirtmgr]# chown -R nginx.nginx /var/www/webvirtmgr/
[root@vm1 webvirtmgr]#
//生成密钥
[root@vm1 ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:vNcrr76fkyemF+pJKO9XnhJPLixG5QO+pyhX1BiSJiI root@vm1
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
| . |
|E . . + . |
| . . o . + |
| .+ o |
| oS+ |
| +o+.+ |
| .ooooX.+ |
| . .++oO.@o. |
| o.o+BB%=+ |
+----[SHA256]-----+
//由于这里webvirtmgr和kvm服务部署在同一台机器，所以这里本地信任。如果kvm部署在其他机器，那么这个是它的ip
[root@vm1 ~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.30.100
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host '192.168.30.100 (192.168.30.100)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:w/Ah3r+8Pc/x2bTcCQp9O5t+VZSH3ZK9KPzIQp8r3lI.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:5b:1b:dd:0d:36:58:9f:be:88:71:17:2a:8e:d9:e5:f7.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.30.100's password:
Number of key(s) added: 1
Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh '192.168.30.100'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
//配置端口转发
[root@vm1 ~]# ssh 192.168.30.100 -L localhost:8000:localhost:8000 -L localhost:6080:localhost:60
Last login: Tue Aug 4 21:26:56 2020 from 192.168.30.1
[root@vm1 ~]# ss -tanl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6080 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:8000 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 192.168.122.1:53 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:6080 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:8000 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
//配置nginx
[root@vm1 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
[root@vm1 ~]# cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
location = /40x.html {
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
}
}
}
[root@vm1 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/webvirtmgr.conf
[root@vm1 ~]# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/webvirtmgr.conf
server {
listen 80 default_server;
server_name $hostname;
#access_log /var/log/nginx/webvirtmgr_access_log;
location /static/ {
root /var/www/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr;
expires max;
}
location / {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-for $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header Host $host:$server_port;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $remote_addr;
proxy_connect_timeout 600;
proxy_read_timeout 600;
proxy_send_timeout 600;
client_max_body_size 1024M;
}
}
//确保bind绑定的是本机的8000端口
[root@vm1 ~]# vim /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.conf.py
bind = '0.0.0.0:8000' //确保此处绑定的是本机的8000端口，这个在nginx配置中定义了，被代理的端口
backlog = 2048
//重启nginx
[root@vm1 ~]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@vm1 ~]# ss -tanl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6080 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:8000 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 192.168.122.1:53 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:6080 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:8000 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
//设置supervisor
[root@vm1 ~]# vim /etc/supervisord.conf
在文件最后加上以下内容
[program:webvirtmgr]
command=/usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.conf.py
directory=/var/www/webvirtmgr
autostart=true
autorestart=true
logfile=/var/log/supervisor/webvirtmgr.log
log_stderr=true
user=nginx
[program:webvirtmgr-console]
command=/usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/console/webvirtmgr-console
directory=/var/www/webvirtmgr
autostart=true
autorestart=true
stdout_logfile=/var/log/supervisor/webvirtmgr-console.log
redirect_stderr=true
user=nginx
//启动supervisor并设置开机自启
[root@vm1 ~]# systemctl start supervisord
[root@vm1 ~]# systemctl enable supervisord
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/supervisord.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/supervisord.service.
[root@vm1 ~]# systemctl status supervisord
● supervisord.service - Process Monitoring and Control Daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/supervisord.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Tue 2020-08-04 22:52:30 EDT; 22s ago
Main PID: 15556 (supervisord)
CGroup: /system.slice/supervisord.service
├─15556 /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/supervisord -c /etc/s...
└─15600 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py...
Aug 04 22:52:29 vm1 systemd[1]: Starting Process Monitoring and ....
Aug 04 22:52:30 vm1 systemd[1]: Started Process Monitoring and C....
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
[root@vm1 ~]# ss -tanl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6080 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:8000 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 192.168.122.1:53 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:6080 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:8000 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
//配置nginx用户
[root@vm1 ~]# su - nginx -s /bin/bash
-bash-4.2$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory '/var/lib/nginx/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:rAzq+yB6RObyDO971ROUGzB8WRuatzBBewPR0yZGVKg nginx@vm1
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
| .oo=O=+. |
| ..***oo |
| o*==+ |
| o .E= o |
| + . .S.. |
|o o. o..o |
|.Bo .o . |
|.o=.. |
|.o==. |
+----[SHA256]-----+
-bash-4.2$ touch ~/.ssh/config && echo -e "StrictHostKeyChecking=no\nUserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null" >> ~/.ssh/config
-bash-4.2$ chmod 0600 ~/.ssh/config
-bash-4.2$ ssh-copy-id root@192.168.30.100
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.30.100' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.30.100's password:
Number of key(s) added: 1
Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'root@192.168.30.100'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
-bash-4.2$ exit
logout
[root@vm1 ~]# vim /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/50-libvirt-remote-access.pkla
[root@vm1 ~]# cat /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/50-libvirt-remote-access.pkla
[Remote libvirt SSH access]
Identity=unix-user:root
Action=org.libvirt.unix.manage
ResultAny=yes
ResultInactive=yes
ResultActive=yes
[root@vm1 ~]#
[root@vm1 ~]# chown -R root.root /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/50-libvirt-remote-access.pkla
[root@vm1 ~]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@vm1 ~]# systemctl restart libvirtd
3.3 kvm web界面管理
通过ip地址在浏览器上访问kvm
故障一：
第一次通过web访问kvm时可能会一直访问不了，一直转圈，而命令行界面一直报错(too many open files)
此时需要对nginx进行配置
[root@vm1 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 655350; //添加此行配置
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
[root@vm1 ~]# systemctl restart nginx
然后对系统参数进行设置
[root@vm1 ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf
[root@vm1 ~]# tail /etc/security/limits.conf
#* hard rss 10000
#@student hard nproc 20
#@faculty soft nproc 20
#@faculty hard nproc 50
#ftp hard nproc 0
#@student - maxlogins 4
# End of file
* soft nofile 655350
* hard nofile 655350
[root@vm1 ~]# systemctl restart nginx
到此问题即可解决
故障2
web界面配置完成后可能会出现以下错误界面
[root@vm1 ~]# ll /etc/rc.local
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13 Aug 6 2018 /etc/rc.local -> rc.d/rc.local
[root@vm1 ~]# ll /etc/rc.d/rc.local
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 513 Mar 11 22:35 /etc/rc.d/rc.local
[root@vm1 ~]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local
[root@vm1~]# ll /etc/rc.d/rc.local
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 513 Mar 11 22:35 /etc/rc.d/rc.local
[root@lvm1 ~]# vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local
......此处省略N行
# that this script will be executed during boot.
touch /var/lock/subsys/local
nohup novnc_server 192.168.30.100:5920 &
[root@vm1 ~]# . /etc/rc.d/rc.local
做完以上操作后再次访问即可正常访问
kvm存储管理
//添加硬盘，格式化并挂载在/storage
[root@vm1 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 10G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 9G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 8G 0 lvm /
└─centos-swap 253:1 0 1G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 30G 0 disk
sr0 11:0 1 4.2G 0 rom
[root@vm1 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xc15efee1.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-62914559, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-62914559, default 62914559):
Using default value 62914559
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 30 GiB is set
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@vm1 ~]# partprobe
Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only.
[root@vm1 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1
meta-data=/dev/sdb1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=1966016 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=7864064, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=3839, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@vm1 ~]# blkid
/dev/sda1: UUID="505c660d-091e-4777-8cab-02e31cb142ef" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sda2: UUID="o9YV4J-gS7t-PCV4-TGZr-PQSu-vJ0M-4f4ScI" TYPE="LVM2_member"
/dev/sdb1: UUID="1c6e9143-9ed4-4341-8ce9-5ebd83d3674c" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sr0: UUID="2018-05-03-20-55-23-00" LABEL="CentOS 7 x86_64" TYPE="iso9660" PTTYPE="dos"
/dev/mapper/centos-root: UUID="2e74a3a2-cda0-4e86-9bb4-8626b9d25668" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/mapper/centos-swap: UUID="89c5934e-6bee-4e5c-b32c-bccb96b47651" TYPE="swap"
[root@vm1 ~]# vim /etc/fstab
UUID="1c6e9143-9ed4-4341-8ce9-5ebd83d3674c" /storage xfs defaults
0 0
[root@vm1 ~]# mkdir /storage
[root@vm1 ~]# mount -a
[root@vm1 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 8.0G 1.8G 6.3G 22% /
devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1.9G 12M 1.9G 1% /run
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 144M 871M 15% /boot
tmpfs 378M 0 378M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1 30G 33M 30G 1% /storage
通过远程连接软件上传ISO镜像文件至存储目录 /storage
[root@vm1 ~]# cd /storage/
[root@vm1 storage]# ls
CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1804.iso
在 web 界面查看ISO镜像是否存在
创建系统安装镜像
kvm网络管理
添加桥接网络
实例管理
实例(虚拟机)创建
设置在 web 上访问虚拟机的密码
启动虚拟机
虚拟机安装
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