Spring - 2 spring的IOC注入

本次介绍spring的依赖注入与属性注入

 

• DI（依赖注入）Dependency Injection

依赖注入，在Spring框架负责创建Bean对象时，动态的将依赖对象注入到Bean组件中！
        * 例如：如果UserServiceImpl的实现类中有一个属性，那么使用Spring框架的IOC功能时，可以通过依赖注入把该属性的值传入进来！

以后使用spring都是使用依赖注入，本次使用service与dao层来演示。

 

dao

package dao;

public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao{

	@Override
	public void say() {
		System.out.println("udao.say");
	}

}

service

package service;

import dao.UserDao;
import test.Demo1;

public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{
	//udao为依赖注入使用，必须提供setter方法，不然spring无法写入
	private UserDao udao;
	public void setUdao(UserDao udao) {
		this.udao = udao;
	}

	@Override
	public void usDemo1() {
		new Demo1().demo1();
//		System.out.println("demo1");
	}

	@Override
	public void say() {
		udao.say();
	}

}

配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
        
        
    <!-- 需要管理的bean -->
    <bean id="userSerivce" class="service.UserServiceImpl"/>

	<!-- 演示依赖注入 -->
	<bean id="userDaoImpl" class="dao.UserDaoImpl"/>
	<bean id="userServiceImpl" class="service.UserServiceImpl">
		<!-- property 中属性不要填写value是字符串，如果依赖注入需要填写ref属性 -->
		<property name="udao" ref="userDaoImpl"></property>
	</bean>
</beans>

 

 

测试类

package test;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import service.UserService;

/**
 * 演示依赖注入DI（Dependent Injection）
 * 比如service需要调用dao才能实现功能就叫做service以来dao，以前调用时需要自己new dao使用，
 * 交给spring管理的时候就可以动态的将依赖对象注入并使用该属性的值
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class Demo5 {
	
	@Test
	public void demo1() {
		
		ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
		
		UserService us = (UserService) ac.getBean("userServiceImpl");
		
		us.say();
		
	}
	
}

 

• 属性注入

属性注入又分为两种：构造函数注入与属性setter注入

• 构造函数注入需要在bean中提供有参构造函数

package bean;

public class Car {
	private String name;
	private Double price;
	
	public Car() {}
	
	public Car(String name, Double price) {
		this.name = name;
		this.price = price;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public Double getPrice() {
		return price;
	}
	public void setPrice(Double price) {
		this.price = price;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Car [name=" + name + ", price=" + price + "]";
	}
	
	
	
}

然后在srping配置文件（applicationContext.xml）中设置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
        
    <!-- 构造函数注入 -->
    <bean id="car" class="bean.Car">
	<!-- 使用name赋值 -->
	<constructor-arg name="name" value="奔驰" />
	<constructor-arg name="price" value="500000" />
	<!-- 使用index赋值
	<constructor-arg index="0" value="宝马"/>
	<constructor-arg index="1" value="600000"/>
	-->	
    </bean>
        
</beans>

 

测试类，这样就在spring管理创建car类的时候注入name与price了

package test;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import bean.Car;

/**
 * 演示构造函数注入的方法
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class Demo4 {
	
	@Test
	public void demo1() {
		ApplicationContext aContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
		
		Car car = (Car) aContext.getBean("car");
		System.out.println(car);
		
	}

}

• 属性setter注入

bean无需修改提供setter方法就可以了

主要在spring配置文件中设置bean中constructor-arg标签改为property标签即可，bean类无需修改。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
        
        
	
<!-- 属性setter注入 -->
    <bean id="car1" class="bean.Car">
	<!-- 使用property赋值 -->
	<property name="name" value="奔驰"/>
	<property name="price" value="500000"/>
    </bean>
        
</beans>

测试类

package test;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import bean.Car;

/**
 * 演示属性setter注入的方法
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class Demo6 {
	
	@Test
	public void demo1() {
		ApplicationContext aContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
		
		Car car = (Car) aContext.getBean("car1");
		System.out.println(car);
		
	}

}

• spring配置文件中关联使用其他bean

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
        
        
	
	<!-- 属性setter注入 -->
	<bean id="car1" class="bean.Car">
		<!-- 使用property赋值 -->
		<property name="name" value="奔驰"/>
		<property name="price" value="500000"/>
	</bean>
	
	<!-- 
		演示spring配置文件中关联使用其他bean
	  -->
	<bean id="user" class="bean.User">
		<property name="car" ref="car1"></property>####
		<property name="user" value="alex"></property>
		<property name="password" value="pass1"></property>
	</bean>
	
	
        
    
</beans>

测试类

package test;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import bean.User;
import service.UserService;
/**
 * spring的测试代码
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class Demo2 {
	
	/*
	 * 演示spring配置文件中关联使用其他bean
	 * bean中需要有需要注入bean的成员变量并提供setter方法
	 * applicationContext.xml中需要用ref属性来注入
	 */
	@Test
	public void demo2() {
		//获得ApplicationContext，如需关闭context，需要将变量的接口类型换位ClassPathXmlApplicationContext实现类
		ApplicationContext aContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
		//通过工厂获得UserService
		User user =  (User) aContext.getBean("user");
		//执行方法
		System.out.println(user);
	}
	
	
}

输出结果

• 使用spEL（Spring Expression Language） 注入

SpEL使用#{…}作为定界符，所有在大框号中的字符都将被认为是SpEL.

具体使用可以参考：https://blog.csdn.net/gudong2945/article/details/7330642#

以下是简单的演示代码：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
        
	<!-- 
		演示spEL（Spring Expression Language）注入
		
	 -->
	<bean id="car2" class="bean.Car">
		<!-- 赋值字符串 -->
		<property name="name" value="#{'阿斯顿马丁'}"/>
		<!-- 赋值数字 -->
		<property name="price" value="#{2222222}"/>
	</bean>
        
    
</beans>

测试代码：

package test;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import bean.Car;

/**
 * 演示spEL的注入
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class Demo7 {
	@Test
	public void demo1() {
		
		ApplicationContext acontext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
		
		Car car2 = (Car) acontext.getBean("car2");
		
		System.out.println(car2);
	}
	
	
}

输出结果：

• spring 数组，集合(List,Set,Map)，Properties等的注入

测试bean

package bean;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.Set;

/**
 * 演示spring 数组，集合(List,Set,Map)，Properties等的注入
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class TestBean {
	
	//数组
	private String[] args;
	public void setArgs(String[] args) {
		this.args = args;
	}
	//集合List
	private List list;
	public void setList(List list) {
		this.list = list;
	}
	//集合Set
	private Set set;
	public void setSet(Set set) {
		this.set = set;
	}
	//集合Map
	private Map map;
	public void setMap(Map map) {
		this.map = map;
	}
	//map key为对象
	private Map<User, String> map1;
	public void setMap1(Map<User, String> map1) {
		this.map1 = map1;
	}
	//Properties
	private Properties pro;
	public void setPro(Properties pro) {
		this.pro = pro;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "TestBean [\nargs=" + Arrays.toString(args) + ", \nlist=" + list + ", \nset=" + set + ", \nmap=" + map + ", \nmap1=" + map1 + ", \npro="
				+ pro + "]";
	}
	
}

用户

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
        
    <!-- 
	演示spring配置文件中关联使用其他bean
    -->
    <bean id="user" class="bean.User">
	<property name="car" ref="car1"></property>
	<property name="user" value="alex"></property>
	<property name="password" value="pass1"></property>
    </bean>
	
        
     
    <!-- 演示spring 数组，集合(List,Set,Map)，Properties等的注入 -->
    <bean name="TestBean" class="bean.TestBean">
        <!-- 数组 -->
    	<property name="args">
    		<list>
    			<value>val1</value>
    			<value>val2</value>
    			<value>val3</value>
    		</list>
    	</property>
  	    <!-- 列表 -->
    	<property name="list">
    		<list>
    			<value>list1</value>
    			<value>list2</value>
    			<value>list3</value>
    		</list>
    	</property>
    	<!-- Set -->
    	<property name="set">
    		<set>
    			<value>set1</value>
    			<value>set2</value>
    			<value>set3</value>
    		</set>
    	</property>
    	<!-- Map -->
    	<property name="map">
    		<map>
    			<entry key="key1" value="val1"/>
    			<entry key="key2" value="val2"/>
    			<entry key="key3" value="val3"/>
    		</map>
    	</property>
    	<!-- Map key为对象 -->
    	<property name="map1">
    		<map>
    			<entry key-ref="user" value="Map key为对象"/>
    		</map>
    	</property>
    	<!-- Properties -->
		<property name="pro">
			<props>
				<prop key="pkey1">pval1</prop>
				<prop key="pkey2">pval2</prop>
				<prop key="pkey3">pval3</prop>
			</props>
		</property>
    </bean>

  
</beans>

测试类

package test;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import bean.TestBean;

/**
 * 
 * 演示spring 数组，集合(List,Set,Map)，Properties等的注入
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class Demo8 {
	
	@Test
	public void demo1() {
		ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
		
		TestBean tb = (TestBean) ac.getBean("TestBean");
		
		System.out.println(tb);
	}
	
}

输出结果：