DRF中的request:
在Django REST Framework中内置的Request类扩展了Django中的Request类,实现了很多方便的功能--如请求数据解析和认证等。
比如,区别于Django中的request从request.GET中获取URL参数,从request.POST中取某些情况下的POST数据。
在APIView中封装的request,就实现了请求数据的解析:
对于GET请求的参数我们通过request.query_params来获取。
对于POST请求、PUT请求的数据我们通过request.data来获取。
序列化
# 首先需要在setting中注册rest_framework的中间件
from rest_framework import serializers
from crm import models
class PublisherModel(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model =models.Publisher
fields = '__all__'
class AuthorModel(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = models.Author
fields = '__all__'
class BookSerializers(serializers.Serializer):
id = serializers.IntegerField(required=False)
name = serializers.CharField(max_length=32)
pub_date = serializers.DateField()
CHOICES = ((1, 'python'), (2, 'go语言'), (3, 'linux'))
# source设置数据读取时候读取到 CHOICES里面的内容,read_only设置只在读取时有效
category = serializers.CharField(source='get_category_display',read_only=True)
post_category = serializers.IntegerField(write_only=True)
# 对出版社字段进行校验 读取时,和设置是显示的格式不同
publisher = PublisherSerializers(read_only=True)
post_publisher = serializers.IntegerField(write_only=True)
# 对作者字段进行校验
author = AuthorSerializers(many=True, read_only=True)
post_author = serializers.ListField(write_only=True)
# create方法相当于对每个通过校验的字段进行获取在数据库中新建保存
def create(self, validated_data): # validated_data里面保存的是校验通过后的数据
book_obj = models.Book.objects.create(
name=validated_data["name"],
pub_date=validated_data["pub_date"],
category=validated_data["post_category"],
publisher_id=validated_data["post_publisher"]
)
book_obj.author.set(validated_data["post_author"]) # 多对多字段需要重新设置关系
return book_obj
def update(self, instance, validated_data):
# 从validated_data中取出数据挨个字段更新
instance.name = validated_data.get('name', instance.name)
instance.pub_date = validated_data.get('pub_date', instance.pub_date)
instance.category = validated_data.get('post_category', instance.category)
instance.publisher_id = validated_data.get('post_publisher', instance.publisher_id)
instance.save()
# 更新多对多字段的 authors
# 先取出当前书籍的所有作者id
author_list = instance.author.all().values_list('id') # [(1,),(2,)] ==> [1, 2]
instance.author.set(validated_data.get('post_authors', [i[0] for i in author_list]))
return instance
serializers
初级阶段 APIView:
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.views import APIView
# 图书的展示以及添加
class Book(APIView): # 继承改为restframework的封装的APIView
def get(self, request):
# 1,在后端获取数据
book_obj = models.Book.objects.all()
# 2,使用seriallizers进行数据格式化
ser_obj = BookSerializers(book_obj, many=True)
# 返回给前端 Response方法是serializers封装的方法
return Response(ser_obj.data)
def post(self, request):
# 1, 在前端获取提交的数据
# 此时的request已经是被serializers封装过的request,不是简单的页面提交的那个request
# 前端提交的数据存在request.data里面 print(request.data)
# 2, 进行serializers校验
ser_obj = BookSerializers(data=request.data)
if ser_obj.is_valid(): # 如果通过了校验
print("oye")
# 数据校验通过以后,想要使用save方法保存的话,需要调用BookSerializers里面的create方法
ser_obj.save()
return Response('数据添加成功!')
else: # 没通过校验的数据,返回错误信息
print('ono')
return Response(ser_obj.errors)
# 具体图书信息的展示以及修改和删除
class BookDetail(APIView):
def get(self, request, pk):
book_obj = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
if book_obj:
ser_obj = BookModel(book_obj) # 对数据进行有效性校验
return Response(ser_obj.data)
else:
return Response('无效的id')
def put(self, request, pk):
book_obj = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
if book_obj:
ser_obj = BookSerializers(instance=book_obj, data=request.data, partial=True) # 此处得到request已经是封装过的,partial表示局部更新
if ser_obj.is_valid():
ser_obj.save()
return Response(ser_obj.data)
else:
return Response(ser_obj.errors)
else:
return Response('无效的id')
def delete(self,request,pk):
book_obj = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
if book_obj:
book_obj.delete()
return Response("删除成功")
else:
return Response("无效的id")
强化版(GernericView和mixin 结合)
# 公共类,获取数据使用
class GerneridView(APIView):
queryset = None
serializer_class = None
def get_queryset(self):
queryset = self.queryset.all() # 刷新数据
return queryset
def get_object(self, request, pk, *args, **kwargs):
queryset = self.queryset.filter(pk=pk).first()
return queryset
class ListMixin(object):
def get(self, request):
queryset = self.get_queryset()
ser_obj = self.serializer_class(queryset, many=True)
return Response(ser_obj.data)
class CreateMixin(object):
def post(self, request):
ser_obj = self.serializer_class(data=request.data)
if ser_obj.is_valid():
ser_obj.save()
return Response('OK')
else:
return Response(ser_obj.errors)
class ActreveMixin(object):
def get(self, request, pk, *args, **kwargs):
obj = self.get_object(request, pk, *args, **kwargs)
if obj:
ser_obj = self.serializer_class(obj)
return Response(ser_obj.data)
else:
return Response("无效的id")
class UpdateMixin(object):
def put(self, request, pk, *args, **kwargs):
book_obj = self.get_object(request, pk, *args, **kwargs)
if book_obj:
ser_obj = AuthorModel(instance=book_obj, data=request.data, partial=True)
if ser_obj.is_valid():
ser_obj.save()
return Response("数据更新成功")
else:
return Response(ser_obj.errors)
else:
return Response("无效的id")
class DelMixin(object):
def delete(self,request, pk, *args, **kwargs):
obj = self.get_object(request, pk, *args, **kwargs)
if obj:
obj.delete()
return Response('删除成功')
else:
return Response("无效的id")
class Authorshow(GerneridView, ListMixin, CreateMixin):
queryset = models.Author.objects.all()
serializer_class = AuthorModel
class AuthorDetail(GerneridView, ActreveMixin, UpdateMixin, DelMixin):
queryset =models.Author.objects.all()
serializer_class = AuthorModel
面向对象封装版
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.views import APIView
# 图书的展示以及添加
class Book(APIView): # 继承改为restframework的封装的APIView
def get(self, request):
# 1,在后端获取数据
book_obj = models.Book.objects.all()
# 2,使用seriallizers进行数据格式化
ser_obj = BookSerializers(book_obj, many=True)
# 返回给前端 Response方法是serializers封装的方法
return Response(ser_obj.data)
def post(self, request):
# 1, 在前端获取提交的数据
# 此时的request已经是被serializers封装过的request,不是简单的页面提交的那个request
# 前端提交的数据存在request.data里面 print(request.data)
# 2, 进行serializers校验
ser_obj = BookSerializers(data=request.data)
if ser_obj.is_valid(): # 如果通过了校验
print("oye")
# 数据校验通过以后,想要使用save方法保存的话,需要调用BookSerializers里面的create方法
ser_obj.save()
return Response('数据添加成功!')
else: # 没通过校验的数据,返回错误信息
print('ono')
return Response(ser_obj.errors)
# 具体图书信息的展示以及修改和删除
class BookDetail(APIView):
def get(self, request, pk):
book_obj = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
if book_obj:
ser_obj = BookModel(book_obj) # 对数据进行有效性校验
return Response(ser_obj.data)
else:
return Response('无效的id')
def put(self, request, pk):
book_obj = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
if book_obj:
ser_obj = BookSerializers(instance=book_obj, data=request.data, partial=True) # 此处得到request已经是封装过的,partial表示局部更新
if ser_obj.is_valid():
ser_obj.save()
return Response(ser_obj.data)
else:
return Response(ser_obj.errors)
else:
return Response('无效的id')
def delete(self,request,pk):
book_obj = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
if book_obj:
book_obj.delete()
return Response("删除成功")
else:
return Response("无效的id")
最终版(ModelViewSet)
from bms import models
# Create your views here.
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
from bms.serializer import AuthorModel, PublisherModel, BookModel
class AuthorShow(ModelViewSet):
queryset = models.Author.objects.all()
serializer_class = AuthorModel
class PublisherShow(ModelViewSet):
queryset = models.Publisher.objects.all()
serializer_class = PublisherModel
class BooksShow(ModelViewSet):
queryset = models.Book.objects.all()
serializers = BookModel
附图一张(不明觉厉)