Spring笔记[一]---基础起步

IOC

控制反转,应用程序本身不负责依赖对象的创建和维护,而是由外部容器负责创建和维护
DI(依赖注入)是一种实现方式

步骤
1. 找IOC容器
2. 容器返回对象
3. 使用对象

实现IoC通常有三种方式
1. 利用接口或者继承,一般以接口较多.这种实现方式和lazy load相同
2. 构造函数注入
3. 属性注入

spring容器

bean定义

配置元数据(metadata)

XML配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
        xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
                http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
                http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">

    <bean id="..." class = "...">
        <!-- collaborators and configuration for this bean go here -->  
    </bean>

    <bean id="..." class="...">
        <!-- collaborators and configuration for this bean go here -->
    </bean>
        <!-- more bean definitions go here -->  
</beans>

Bean的配置项

1. bean id=”类名” class=”位置(包名.类名)”
2. id:标识该bean的名称,通过factory.getBean(“id”)来获得实例
3. name:给bean起个别名
4. Singleton:默认为true,单实例模式.如果是false,即原型模式,每一次获取都是一个新的实例
5. Init-method:在bean实例化后要调用的方法(已定义好)
6. Destroy-method:bean从容器里删除之前要调用的方法

实例化容器

应用上下文接口org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext代表了spring Ioc容器；负责实例化,配置和组装beans

ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new string[]{"services.xml","daos.xml"})

context.getBean("id"); //方法来获取bean的实例

---

一个spring例子

定义一个接口

package juedaiyuer;

public interface OneInterface 
{
    public void  say(String arg);
}

接口的一个实现类

package juedaiyuer;

public class OneInterfaceImpl implements OneInterface {

    @Override
    public void say(String arg) {
        System.out.println("悄悄话:"+arg);

    }
}

spring的配置

spring-ioc.xml(文件在src目录下)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd" >

    <bean id="oneInterface" class="juedaiyuer.OneInterfaceImpl"></bean>

</beans>

单元测试父类

package test.base;

import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;

import juedaiyuer.OneInterface;

public class UnitTestBase {

    private ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context;

    private String springXmlpath;

    public UnitTestBase() {
    }

    public UnitTestBase(String springXmlpath) {
        this.springXmlpath = springXmlpath;
    }

    @Before
    public void before() {
        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(springXmlpath)) {
            springXmlpath = "classpath*:spring-*.xml";
        }
        try {
            context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(springXmlpath.split("[,\\s]+"));
            context.start();
            System.out.println("单元测试基类---Before");
        } catch (BeansException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

    @After
    public void after() {
        context.destroy();
        System.out.println("单元测试基类---After");
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    protected <T extends Object> T getBean(String beanId) {
        try {
            System.out.println("单元测试基类---通过id获取实例");
            return (T) context.getBean(beanId);

        } catch (BeansException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return null;
        }
    }

    protected <T extends Object> T getBean(Class<T> clazz) {
        try {
            System.out.println("单元测试基类---通过clazz获取实例");
            return (T) context.getBean(clazz);
        } catch (BeansException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return null;
        }
    }

}

单元测试

package test.base;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner;

import juedaiyuer.OneInterface;

@RunWith(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
public class TestOneInterfaceImpl  extends UnitTestBase{
    public TestOneInterfaceImpl()
    {
        super("classpath*:spring-ioc.xml");
    }

    @Test
    public void testSay()
    {
        OneInterface oneInterface = super.getBean("oneInterface");
        oneInterface.say("this is a test");
    }

}

示例代码

示例代码

---

spring的实例化

构造器实例化

<bean id="oneInterface" class="juedaiyuer.OneInterfaceImpl"></bean>

//测试代码

package juedaiyuer;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext  ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[]{"spring-ioc.xml"});
        OneInterface  oneinterface =   (OneInterface) ctx.getBean("oneInterface");

        oneinterface.say("提莫队长正在待命");
    }

}

---

单元测试

下载junit-*.jar并引入工程

Eclipse中spring的配置

project-properties:

Java Build Path选项中加入相依赖的jar文件

---

Bug思考

不要忘记commons-logging的jar引入,不然会报错

//错误代码
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/commons/logging/LogFactory