一 增加磁盘分区
fdisk /dev/vdb ##进入磁盘分区
root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb ##进入磁盘分区
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): n ##添加磁盘分区
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-20971519, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-20971519, default 20971519): +100M ##划分100mb
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 100 MiB is set
Command (m for help): wq ##退出 保存
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
二 挂载磁盘分区临时和永久生效
[root@localhost ~]# blkid ##查看 可使用设备
/dev/vda1: UUID="9bf6b9f7-92ad-441b-848e-0257cbb883d1" TYPE="xfs"
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/vdb5 ##格式化 /dev/vdb5 为xfs格式
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/vdb3 /mnt ##试挂载
[root@localhost ~]# df ##查看可用
[root@localhost ~]# umount /mnt
[root@localhost ~]# df
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab ## 编辑文件永久保存
## 在此文件中加入 /dev/vdb1 /mnt xfs defaults 0 0
[root@localhost ~]# mount -a ## 使文件编辑后生效
[root@localhost ~]# df
三 删除磁盘分区
[root@localhost ~]# umount /mnt ##去除挂载
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb ##进入磁盘划分
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): d ##表示删除磁盘分区
Selected partition 1
Partition 1 is deleted
[root@localhost ~]# partprobe ## 使磁盘 划分生效
[root@localhost ~]# df
四 划分磁盘分区swap格式
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-20971519, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-20971519, default 20971519): +4G
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 4 GiB is set
Command (m for help): t ##改变磁盘格式
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): l 显示各磁盘 代码id
0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
1 FAT12 27 Hidden NTFS Win 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 42 SFS 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d QNX4.x 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a5 FreeBSD ee GPT
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor
12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary
16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE
18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX be Solaris boot ff BBT
1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 82 ##82 代表Linux swap 格式磁盘
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux swap / Solaris'
Command (m for help): wq ##保存退出
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@localhost ~]# partprobe ##同步磁盘分区记录
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/partitions 查看所有分区
major minor #blocks nameroot@localhost ~]# blkid ##查看以使用分区
[root@localhost ~]# swapon -a /dev/vdb1 是/dev/vdb1 更改立即生效
[root@localhost ~]# swapon -s
[[A^[[A[root@localhost ~]# mkswap /dev/vdb2
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 102396 KiB
no label, UUID=b2436ce2-2e48-4e6a-a42f-a6fe8ff0dcc8
[root@localhost ~]# swapon -a /dev/vdb2 ##激活swap
[root@localhost ~]# swapon -s ##显示swap分区信息
Filename Type Size Used Priority
/dev/vdb1 partition 102396 0 -1
/dev/vdb2 partition 102396 0 -2 ##优先级为 -2
[root@localhost ~]# swapoff /dev/vdb2
[root@localhost ~]# swapon -a /dev/vdb2 -p 1 ##修改优先级
[root@localhost ~]# swapon -s
Filename Type Size Used Priority
/dev/vdb1 partition 102396 0 -1
/dev/vdb2 partition 102396 0 1
[root@localhost ~]# swapoff /dev/vdb1 ##使此分区不生效
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab
##文件里 加一行 /dev/vdb1 swap swap defaults,pri=2 0 0
删除swap分区
[root@localhost ~]# swapoff /dev/vdb1 是此分区不生效
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab
##删除 /dev/vdb1 swap swap defaults,pri=2 0 0 这一行
分配用户指定磁盘区域使用额度
创建一个1G的磁盘分区
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /pub ##建立目录
mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/pub’: File exists
[root@localhost ~]# umount /pub #卸载目录的挂载
umount: /pub: not mounted
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/vdb1 /pub ##挂载 目录
[root@localhost ~]# umount /pub ##卸载目录的挂载
[root@localhost ~]# mount -o usrquota,grpquota /dev/vdb1 /pub/ ##分配用户额度
[root@localhost ~]# ls -ld /pub
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 22 01:52 /pub
[root@localhost ~]# chmod 777 /pub
[root@localhost ~]# quotaon -ugv /dev/vdb1 ##用户组 显示
[root@localhost ~]# edquota -u westos #进入编辑 把hard下设定数字分配用户额度
[root@localhost ~]# su - westos
Last login: Sat Apr 22 01:56:02 EDT 2017 on pts/1
[westos@localhost ~]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/pub/file bs=1M count=200
200+0 records in
200+0 records out
209715200 bytes (210 MB) copied, 2.49427 s, 84.1 MB/s
[westos@localhost ~]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/pub/file bs=1M count=201 ##测试
dd: error writing ‘/pub/file’: Disk quota exceeded
201+0 records in
200+0 records out
209715200 bytes (210 MB) copied, 0.49308 s, 425 MB/s
[westos@localhost ~]$ logout
[root@localhost ~]# useradd westos
[root@localhost ~]# edquota -u westos ##编辑hard数额为204800
[root@localhost ~]# su - westos
测试：
七 调节加快磁盘的读写速度
[root@localhost ~]# umount /pub ##卸载挂载目录
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb ##删除原本分区
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb ##重新划分
划分同上 更改磁盘格式为Linux raid autodetect
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -C /dev/md0 -a yes -l 1 -n 2 -x 1 /dev/vdb{1..3} ##激活并保持俩快磁盘工作 一块工作
mkfs.xfs /dev/md0 ##格式化磁盘分区
root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/md0 /mnt ##挂载
[root@localhost ~]# df -h ##显示磁盘
八 对此盘损坏了一快之后的测试及替换
[root@localhost ~]# watch -n 1 'cat /proc/mdstat ;echo ===;df -h' ##监控命令
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0 ##查看磁盘状态
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -f /dev/md0 /dev/vdb2 ##损坏一块磁盘
mdadm: set /dev/vdb2 faulty in /dev/md0
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -r /dev/md0 /dev/vdb2 ##删除损坏磁盘
mdadm: hot removed /dev/vdb2 from /dev/md0
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -a /dev/md0 /dev/vdb2 ####新建vdb2补充一块磁盘
mdadm: added /dev/vdb2
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0
删除此磁盘：
[root@localhost ~]# umount /mnt
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -S /dev/md0
mdadm: stopped /dev/md0
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb
给磁盘分区加密
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb ##进入磁盘分区工具划分磁盘
[root@localhost ~]# cryptsetup luksFormat /dev/vdb1 ##给磁盘dev/vdb1 上锁
WARNING!
========
This will overwrite data on /dev/vdb1 irrevocably.
Are you sure? (Type uppercase yes): YES ##大写的YES
Enter passphrase:
Verify passphrase:
[root@localhost ~]# cryptsetup open /dev/vdb1 westos 把加密的磁盘分区打开为 westos
Enter passphrase for /dev/vdb1:
[root@localhost ~]# ll /dev/mapper/westos
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Apr 22 21:19 /dev/mapper/westos -> ../dm-0
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/mapper/westos
永久加密
cryptsetup close westos #盖上盖子
vim /etc/crypttab
###写入 westos /dev/vdb1 /root/diskpass
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab
##加入一行
/dev/mapper/westos /mnt/ xfs defaults 0 0
[root@localhost ~]# vim /root/diskpass
##输入已经设置的密码 例如：westosredhat
reboot 重新启动即可
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