在Oracle中,LOCK TABLE语句可以用来锁定表、表分区或表子分区。本教程将和大家一起学习LOCK TABLE语句的详细用法。
LOCK TABLE语法
LOCK TABLE语句的语法是:
LOCK TABLE tables IN lock_mode MODE [ WAIT [, integer] | NOWAIT ];
参数
- tables:用逗号分隔的表格列表。
- lock_mode :它是以下值之一:
lock_mode | 描述 |
---|---|
ROW SHARE | 允许同时访问表,但阻止用户锁定整个表以进行独占访问。 |
ROW EXCLUSIVE | 允许对表进行并发访问,但阻止用户以独占访问方式锁定整个表并以共享方式锁定表。 |
SHARE UPDATE | 允许同时访问表,但阻止用户锁定整个表以进行独占访问。 |
SHARE | 允许并发查询,但用户无法更新锁定的表。 |
SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE | 用户可以查看表中的记录,但是无法更新表或锁定SHARE 表中的表。 |
EXCLUSIVE | 允许查询锁定的表格,但不能进行其他活动。 |
- WAIT:它指定数据库将等待(达到指定整数的特定秒数)以获取DML锁定。
- NOWAIT:它指定数据库不应该等待释放锁。
LOCK TABLE示例
下面是一个如何在Oracle中使用LOCK TABLE语句的例子:
LOCK TABLE suppliers IN SHARE MODE NOWAIT;
这个例子会锁定suppliers表在共享模式,而不是等待锁定被释放。
LOCK TABLE
Use the LOCK
TABLE
statement to lock one or more tables, table partitions, or table subpartitions in a specified mode. This lock manually overrides automatic locking and permits or denies access to a table or view by other users for the duration of your operation.
Some forms of locks can be placed on the same table at the same time. Other locks allow only one lock for a table.
A locked table remains locked until you either commit your transaction or roll it back, either entirely or to a savepoint before you locked the table.
A lock never prevents other users from querying the table. A query never places a lock on a table. Readers never block writers and writers never block readers.
See Also:
-
Oracle Database Concepts for a complete description of the interaction of lock modes
The table or view must be in your own schema or you must have the LOCK
ANY
TABLE
system privilege, or you must have any object privilege on the table or view.
Description of the illustration lock_table.gif
Specify the schema containing the table or view. If you omit schema
, then Oracle Database assumes the table or view is in your own schema.
Specify the name of the table or view to be locked.
If you specify view
, then Oracle Database locks the base tables of the view.
If you specify PARTITION
or SUBPARTITION
, then Oracle Database first acquires an implicit lock on the table. The table lock is the same as the lock you specify for partition
or subpartition
, with two exceptions:
-
If you specify a
SHARE
lock for the subpartition, then the database acquires an implicitROW
SHARE
lock on the table. -
If you specify an
EXCLUSIVE
lock for the subpartition, then the database acquires an implicitROW
EXCLUSIVE
lock on the table.
If you specify PARTITION
and table
is composite-partitioned, then the database acquires locks on all the subpartitions of partition
.
Restriction on Locking Tables If view
is part of a hierarchy, then it must be the root of the hierarchy.
Specify a database link to a remote Oracle Database where the table or view is located. You can lock tables and views on a remote database only if you are using Oracle distributed functionality. All tables locked by a LOCK
TABLE
statement must be on the same database.
If you omit dblink
, then Oracle Database assumes the table or view is on the local database.
See Also:
"Referring to Objects in Remote Databases" for information on specifying database links
Specify one of the following modes:
ROW SHARE ROW
SHARE
permits concurrent access to the locked table but prohibits users from locking the entire table for exclusive access. ROW
SHARE
is synonymous with SHARE
UPDATE
, which is included for compatibility with earlier versions of Oracle Database.
ROW EXCLUSIVE ROW
EXCLUSIVE
is the same as ROW
SHARE
, but it also prohibits locking in SHARE
mode. ROW
EXCLUSIVE
locks are automatically obtained when updating, inserting, or deleting.
SHARE SHARE
permits concurrent queries but prohibits updates to the locked table.
SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE SHARE
ROW
EXCLUSIVE
is used to look at a whole table and to allow others to look at rows in the table but to prohibit others from locking the table in SHARE
mode or from updating rows.
EXCLUSIVE EXCLUSIVE
permits queries on the locked table but prohibits any other activity on it.
Specify NOWAIT
if you want the database to return control to you immediately if the specified table, partition, or table subpartition is already locked by another user. In this case, the database returns a message indicating that the table, partition, or subpartition is already locked by another user.
If you omit this clause, then the database waits until the table is available, locks it, and returns control to you.
Locking a Table: Example The following statement locks the employees
table in exclusive mode but does not wait if another user already has locked the table:
LOCK TABLE employees IN EXCLUSIVE MODE NOWAIT;
The following statement locks the remote employees
table that is accessible through the database link remote
:
LOCK TABLE employees@remote IN SHARE MODE;