Java中wait，notify和notifyAll方法示例

您可能已经注意到Object类具有三个最终方法，分别称为wait，notify和notifyAll。这些方法用于线程间通信。Java 5引入了执行程序框架，该执行程序框架为您处理线程间通信，并在内部使用wait，notify和notifyAll。但是您仍然需要对这些方法以及线程间通信如何在Java中使用wait，notify和notifyAll进行基本了解。

什么是wait，notify和notifyAll方法？

wait，notify和notifyAll方法用于允许线程通过访问公共对象彼此通信，或者换句话说，对象可以被视为通过这些方法进行线程间通信的媒介。这些方法需要从同步上下文中调用，否则将抛出java.lang.IllegalMonitorStateException。

同步块的一些背景：

• 同步块中一次只能进入一个线程
• 线程需要锁定对象才能进入同步块。
• 如果线程A要进入同步块，则线程A必须等待线程B释放它。

让我们对这些方法有一些简要的了解：

wait()：

当您在对象上调用wait方法时，它告诉线程放弃锁并进入睡眠状态，除非并且直到其他线程进入同一监视器并在其上调用notify或notifyAll方法。

notify()：

当您在对象上调用notify方法时，它将唤醒等待该对象的线程之一。因此，如果有多个线程在等待一个对象，它将唤醒其中之一。现在，您一定想知道它将唤醒哪一个。它实际上取决于OS的实现。

notifyAll()：

notifyAll会唤醒所有在该对象上等待的线程，而不是notify会只唤醒其中一个线程，哪个线程会首先唤醒取决于线程优先级和操作系统实现。

让我们借助示例了解它：

1.创建一个名为Book.java的类：

这是Java bean类，线程将在该Java bean类上作用并调用wait和notify方法。

 

 

 

 

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package org.arpit.java2blog.thread;   public class Book {   String title; boolean isCompleted;   public Book(String title) {   super();   this.title = title; }   public String getTitle() {   return title; } public void setTitle(String title) {   this.title = title; } public boolean isCompleted() {   return isCompleted; } public void setCompleted(boolean isCompleted) {   this.isCompleted = isCompleted; }   }

2.创建一个名为BookReader.java的类

该线程将等到其他线程调用notify方法，然后再完成其处理。它将首先锁定书本对象，然后从同步块中调用它。因此在本示例中，它将等待BookWriter完成书本。

 

 

 

 

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package org.arpit.java2blog.thread;   public class BookReader implements Runnable{   Book book;   public BookReader(Book book) {   super();   this.book = book; }   @Override public void run() {   synchronized (book) {    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" is waiting for the book to be completed: "+book.getTitle());    try {     book.wait();    } catch (InterruptedException e) {         e.printStackTrace();    }    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+": Book has been completed now!! you can read it");   } }   }

3.创建一个名为BookWriter.java的类

此类将通知正在等待书本对象的线程（如果有notify的话）。一旦调用notify，它将不会放弃锁，它首先完成其同步块。因此，在此示例中，BookWriter将完成书籍并将其通知给BookReaders。

 

 

 

 

 

 

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package org.arpit.java2blog.thread; public class BookWriter implements Runnable{   Book book;   public BookWriter(Book book) {   super();   this.book = book; }   @Override public void run() {   synchronized (book) {    System.out.println("Author is Starting book : " +book.getTitle() );    try {     Thread.sleep(1000);    } catch (InterruptedException e) {     e.printStackTrace();    }    book.setCompleted(true);    System.out.println("Book has been completed now");      book.notify();    System.out.println("notify one reader");     } } }

4.创建一个类ThreadInterCommunicationMain，java。

这是我们的主类，它将创建上述类的对象并运行它。

 

 

 

 

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package org.arpit.java2blog.thread;   public class ThreadInterCommunicationMain {   public static void main(String args[]) {   // Book object on which wait and notify method will be called   Book book=new Book("The Alchemist");   BookReader johnReader=new BookReader(book);   BookReader arpitReader=new BookReader(book);     // BookReader threads which will wait for completion of book   Thread johnThread=new Thread(johnReader,"John");   Thread arpitThread=new Thread(arpitReader,"Arpit");     arpitThread.start();   johnThread.start();     // To ensure both readers started waiting for the book   try {    Thread.sleep(3000);   } catch (InterruptedException e) {      e.printStackTrace();   }   // BookWriter thread which will notify once book get completed   BookWriter bookWriter=new BookWriter(book);   Thread bookWriterThread=new Thread(bookWriter);   bookWriterThread.start();   }   }

 

在notify()的情况下：

当您运行上述程序时，将得到以下输出：

 

 

 

 

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Arpit is waiting for the book to be completed: The Alchemist John is waiting for the book to be completed: The Alchemist Author is Starting book : The Alchemist Book has been completed now notify one reader Arpit: Book has been completed now!! you can read it

 

如果是notifyAll()：可以

将BookWriter类更改为调用book.notifyAll（）。

 

 

 

 

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package org.arpit.java2blog.thread;   public class BookWriter implements Runnable{   Book book;   public BookWriter(Book book) {   super();   this.book = book; }   @Override public void run() {   synchronized (book) {    System.out.println("Author is Starting book : " +book.getTitle() );    try {     Thread.sleep(1000);    } catch (InterruptedException e) {     // TODO Auto-generated catch block     e.printStackTrace();    }    book.setCompleted(true);    System.out.println("Book has been completed now");      book.notifyAll();    System.out.println("notify readers");     } }   }

当您运行上述程序时，将得到以下输出：

 

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Arpit is waiting for the book to be completed: The Alchemist John is waiting for the book to be completed: The Alchemist Author is Starting book : The Alchemist Book has been completed now notify readers John: Book has been completed now!! you can read it Arpit: Book has been completed now!! you can read it

如果是notifyAll（），它将通知所有正在等待该对象的线程。