使用 EntityFrameworkCore 的 ASP.NET Core Mvc (.NET 6) CRUD 操作

allway2

已于 2022-02-24 16:56:13 修改

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文章标签： asp.net mvc .net

于 2022-02-24 16:45:59 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/allway2/article/details/123114664

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介绍

在本教程中，我们将创建一个项目来使用 Microsoft Asp .NET Core 6 和 EntityFrameworkCore 执行 CRUD 操作。我们在本教程中使用 Visual Studio 2022 和 MS SQL 或MySQL服务器。

开始吧

第1步

打开 Visual Studio 并单击创建新项目

第2步

选择 ASP.NET Core Web App (Model-View-Controller) – [C#] 并点击下一步按钮

步骤 - 3

输入项目名称，然后单击下一步按钮

第四步

选择 .Net 6.0 ，身份验证类型 None 并单击创建按钮

创建后，您的项目将如下所示

步骤 - 5

打开 Models 文件夹并创建一个 Employee 类

在员工类中输入以下代码

using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;

namespace EmployeeCRUD.Models
{
    public class Employee
    {
        [Key]
        public int Id { get; set; }
        [Required]
        [Display(Name ="Employee Name")]
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public string Designation { get; set; }
        [DataType(DataType.MultilineText)]
        public string Address { get; set; }        
        public DateTime? RecordCreatedOn { get; set; }

    }
}

步骤 - 6

根据您的 .NET Core 版本安装以下包

 <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore" Version="6.0.1" />
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer" Version="6.0.1" />
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools" Version="6.0.1">
    <PackageReference Include="Pomelo.EntityFrameworkCore.MySql" Version="6.0.1" />

步骤 - 7

创建一个子类`ApplicationDbContext of DBContext Class`来链接数据库和数据模型类

创建一个文件夹并将其命名为 Data

创建 ApplicaitonDbContext 类并输入以下代码

using EmployeeCRUD.Models;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;

namespace EmployeeCRUD.Data
{
    public class ApplicationDbContext:DbContext
    {
        public ApplicationDbContext(DbContextOptions<ApplicationDbContext> options):base(options)
        {

        }

        public DbSet<Employee> Employees { get; set; }
    }
}

在上面的代码中，我们使用构造函数传递参数 DbContextOptions<ApplicationDbContext>，使用它我们将上下文配置从 AddDbContext 传递到 DbContext

步骤 - 8

打开 appsettings.json 并配置连接字符串

appsettings.json 文件的以下代码带有示例数据。根据您的系统或开发环境设置替换示例数据。

{
  "ConnectionStrings": {
    "DefaultConnection": "Server=EnterServerName; Database=EmployeeDatabase; User Id=sa; Password=EnterPassword; Trusted_Connection=True; MultipleActiveResultSets=true"
  },

  "Logging": {
    "LogLevel": {
      "Default": "Information",
      "Microsoft.AspNetCore": "Warning"
    }
  },
  "AllowedHosts": "*"
}

使用MySQL时，文件内容如下：

{
  "ConnectionStrings": {
    "DefaultConnection": "server=localhost;user=root;database=customerdb;port=3306;password=root"
  },

  "Logging": {
    "LogLevel": {
      "Default": "Information",
      "Microsoft.AspNetCore": "Warning"
    }
  },
  "AllowedHosts": "*"
}

步骤 - 9

打开 program.cs 文件并添加所需的服务

将 ApplicationDbContext 子类注册为应用程序服务提供者/依赖注入容器中的范围服务。
输入以下代码行注册ApplicaitonDbContext

// add
builder.Services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(
    options => options.UseSqlServer(
        builder.Configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection")
        ));

使用MySQL时，文件内容如下：

// add
builder.Services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(
    options => options.UseMySql(
        builder.Configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection"), ServerVersion.AutoDetect(builder.Configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection")))
        );

Program.cs 文件

using EmployeeCRUD.Data;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

// Add services to the container.
builder.Services.AddControllersWithViews();

// add
builder.Services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(
    options => options.UseSqlServer(
        builder.Configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection")
        ));


var app = builder.Build();

// Configure the HTTP request pipeline.
if (!app.Environment.IsDevelopment())
{
    app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error");
    // The default HSTS value is 30 days. You may want to change this for production scenarios, see https://aka.ms/aspnetcore-hsts.
    app.UseHsts();
}

app.UseHttpsRedirection();
app.UseStaticFiles();

app.UseRouting();

app.UseAuthorization();

app.MapControllerRoute(
    name: "default",
    pattern: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");

app.Run();

使用MySQL时，文件内容如下：

using EmployeeCRUD.Data;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

// Add services to the container.
builder.Services.AddControllersWithViews();

// add
builder.Services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(
    options => options.UseMySql(
        builder.Configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection"), ServerVersion.AutoDetect(builder.Configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection")))
        );


var app = builder.Build();

// Configure the HTTP request pipeline.
if (!app.Environment.IsDevelopment())
{
    app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error");
    // The default HSTS value is 30 days. You may want to change this for production scenarios, see https://aka.ms/aspnetcore-hsts.
    app.UseHsts();
}

app.UseHttpsRedirection();
app.UseStaticFiles();

app.UseRouting();

app.UseAuthorization();

app.MapControllerRoute(
    name: "default",
    pattern: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");

app.Run();

步骤 - 10

运行迁移

打开包管理器控制台

键入以下命令以运行迁移

add-migration 'initial'

迁移文件

以下是迁移文件的代码。您可以在 Migration 文件夹下找到此文件 (20220109062010_initial.cs)

using System;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Migrations;

#nullable disable

namespace EmployeeCRUD.Migrations
{
    public partial class initial : Migration
    {
        protected override void Up(MigrationBuilder migrationBuilder)
        {
            migrationBuilder.CreateTable(
                name: "Employees",
                columns: table => new
                {
                    Id = table.Column<int>(type: "int", nullable: false)
                        .Annotation("SqlServer:Identity", "1, 1"),
                    Name = table.Column<string>(type: "nvarchar(max)", nullable: false),
                    Designation = table.Column<string>(type: "nvarchar(max)", nullable: false),
                    Address = table.Column<string>(type: "nvarchar(max)", nullable: false),
                    RecordCreatedOn = table.Column<DateTime>(type: "datetime2", nullable: false)
                },
                constraints: table =>
                {
                    table.PrimaryKey("PK_Employees", x => x.Id);
                });
        }

        protected override void Down(MigrationBuilder migrationBuilder)
        {
            migrationBuilder.DropTable(
                name: "Employees");
        }
    }
}

使用MySQL时，文件内容如下：

using System;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Metadata;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Migrations;

#nullable disable

namespace EmployeeCRUD.Migrations
{
    public partial class initial : Migration
    {
        protected override void Up(MigrationBuilder migrationBuilder)
        {
            migrationBuilder.AlterDatabase()
                .Annotation("MySql:CharSet", "utf8mb4");

            migrationBuilder.CreateTable(
                name: "Employees",
                columns: table => new
                {
                    Id = table.Column<int>(type: "int", nullable: false)
                        .Annotation("MySql:ValueGenerationStrategy", MySqlValueGenerationStrategy.IdentityColumn),
                    Name = table.Column<string>(type: "longtext", nullable: false)
                        .Annotation("MySql:CharSet", "utf8mb4"),
                    Designation = table.Column<string>(type: "longtext", nullable: false)
                        .Annotation("MySql:CharSet", "utf8mb4"),
                    Address = table.Column<string>(type: "longtext", nullable: false)
                        .Annotation("MySql:CharSet", "utf8mb4"),
                    RecordCreatedOn = table.Column<DateTime>(type: "datetime(6)", nullable: true)
                },
                constraints: table =>
                {
                    table.PrimaryKey("PK_Employees", x => x.Id);
                })
                .Annotation("MySql:CharSet", "utf8mb4");
        }

        protected override void Down(MigrationBuilder migrationBuilder)
        {
            migrationBuilder.DropTable(
                name: "Employees");
        }
    }
}

步骤 - 11

运行以下更新命令以根据此迁移文件更新数据库

update-database

迁移后的数据库视图

步骤 - 12

添加员工控制器

右键单击员工文件夹
点击添加
点击控制器

4. 选择 MVC Controller Empty 并点击 Add 按钮

5.输入控制器名称并按添加按钮

步骤 - 13

将以下代码粘贴到您的 EmployeeControler.cs 文件中

using EmployeeCRUD.Data;
using EmployeeCRUD.Models;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;

namespace EmployeeCRUD.Controllers
{
    public class EmployeeController : Controller
    {
        private readonly ApplicationDbContext _context;
        public EmployeeController(ApplicationDbContext context)
        {
            _context = context;
        }
        public IActionResult Index()
        {
            IEnumerable<Employee> objCatlist = _context.Employees;
            return View(objCatlist);
        }

        public IActionResult Create()
        {
            return View();
        }

        [HttpPost]
        [ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
        public IActionResult Create(Employee empobj)
        {
            if (ModelState.IsValid)
            {
                _context.Employees.Add(empobj);
                _context.SaveChanges();
                TempData["ResultOk"] = "Record Added Successfully !";
                return RedirectToAction("Index");
            }

            return View(empobj);
        }

        public IActionResult Edit(int? id)
        {
            if (id == null || id == 0)
            {
                return NotFound();
            }
            var empfromdb = _context.Employees.Find(id);

            if (empfromdb == null)
            {
                return NotFound();
            }
            return View(empfromdb);
        }

        [HttpPost]
        [ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
        public IActionResult Edit(Employee empobj)
        {
            if (ModelState.IsValid)
            {
                _context.Employees.Update(empobj);
                _context.SaveChanges();
                TempData["ResultOk"] = "Data Updated Successfully !";
                return RedirectToAction("Index");
            }

            return View(empobj);
        }

        public IActionResult Delete(int? id)
        {
            if (id == null || id == 0)
            {
                return NotFound();
            }
            var empfromdb = _context.Employees.Find(id);
         
            if (empfromdb == null)
            {
                return NotFound();
            }
            return View(empfromdb);
        }

        [HttpPost]
        [ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
        public IActionResult DeleteEmp(int? id)
        {
            var deleterecord = _context.Employees.Find(id);
            if (deleterecord == null)
            {
                return NotFound();
            }
            _context.Employees.Remove(deleterecord);
            _context.SaveChanges();
            TempData["ResultOk"] = "Data Deleted Successfully !";
            return RedirectToAction("Index");
        }


    }
}

步骤 - 14

添加视图文件

在View文件夹下创建一个Employee文件夹，并创建如下文件

索引.cshtml
创建.cshtml
编辑.cshtml
删除.cshtml

Index.cshtml 代码

@model IEnumerable<Employee>

    @{
    ViewData["Title"] = "Index";
}

@if (TempData["ResultOk"] != null)
{
    <h1 class="alert-success">@TempData["ResultOk"]</h1>
}

<div class="container shadow p-5">

    <h1 class="text-center mb-3">CRUD Operations Using .NET Core 6 & Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore </h1>

    <div class="col mb-3">
        <a asp-controller="Employee" asp-action="Create" class="btn btn-lg btn-primary"><i class="bi bi-file-plus-fill"></i>Add Employee</a>
    </div>
    <table class="table table-bordered table-hover">
        <thead>
            <tr>
                <th scope="col">Employee Name</th>
                <th scope="col">Designation</th>
                <th scope="col">Address</th>
                <th scope="col">CreatedOn</th>
                <th></th>
            </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>

            @foreach (var item in Model)
            {
                <tr>
                    <td width="20%">
                        @item.Name
                    </td>
                    <td width="20%">
                        @item.Designation
                    </td>
                    <td width="25%">
                        @item.Address
                    </td>
                    <td width="20%">
                        @item.RecordCreatedOn
                    </td>
                    <td>
                        <div role="group" class="w-60 btn-group">
                            <a asp-controller="Employee" asp-action="Edit" asp-route-id="@item.Id" class=" btn btn-sm btn-primary"><i class="bi bi-pencil-square"></i>Edit</a>&nbsp;
                            <a asp-controller="Employee" asp-action="Delete" asp-route-id="@item.Id" class="btn btn-sm btn-danger"><i class="bi bi-trash-fill"></i>Delete</a>
                        </div>
                    </td>
                </tr>
            }
        </tbody>
    </table>
</div>

Create.cshtml

@model Employee


<div class="container shadow p-5">
    <div class="row pb-2">
        <h2>Add Employee</h2>
    </div>

    <form method="post">
        <div asp-validation-summary="All"></div>

        <div class="form-row">
            <div class="form-group col-md-6">
                <label asp-for="Name">Employee Name</label>
                <input type="text" class="form-control mb-3" asp-for="Name" placeholder="Enter Name">
                <span asp-validation-for="Name" class=" alert-danger"></span>
            </div>
            <div class="form-group col-md-6">
                <label asp-for="Designation">Designation</label>
                <input type="text" class="form-control mb-3" asp-for="Designation" placeholder="Enter Designation">
                <span asp-validation-for="Designation" class=" alert-danger"></span>
            </div>
        </div>

        <div class="form-row">
            <div class="form-group col-md-6">
                <label asp-for="Address">Address</label>
                <input type="text" class="form-control mb-3" asp-for="Address" placeholder="Enter Address">
                <span asp-validation-for="Address" class=" alert-danger"></span>
            </div>
            <div class="form-group col-md-6 mb-3">
                <label asp-for="RecordCreatedOn">Created On</label>
                <input type="datetime-local" class="form-control" asp-for="RecordCreatedOn">
                <span asp-validation-for="RecordCreatedOn" class=" alert-danger"></span>
            </div>
        </div>


        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-lg btn-primary p-2"><i class="bi bi-file-plus-fill"></i>Save</button>
        <a asp-controller="Employee" asp-action="Index" class="btn btn-lg btn-warning p-2">Back To List</a>
    </form>

</div>


@*//for front end validations*@

@section Scripts{
    @{
    <partial name="_ValidationScriptsPartial" />
    }
}

Edit.cshtml

@model Employee

<div class="container shadow p-5">
    <div class="row pb-2">
        <h2>Edit Employee</h2>
    </div>

    <form method="post" asp-action="Edit">
        <div asp-validation-summary="All"></div>

        <div class="form-row">
            <div class="form-group col-md-6">
                <label asp-for="Name">Employee Name</label>
                <input type="text" class="form-control mb-3" asp-for="Name">
                <span asp-validation-for="Name" class=" alert-danger"></span>
            </div>
            <div class="form-group col-md-6">
                <label asp-for="Designation">Designation</label>
                <input type="text" class="form-control mb-3" asp-for="Designation">
                <span asp-validation-for="Designation" class=" alert-danger"></span>
            </div>
        </div>

        <div class="form-row">
            <div class="form-group col-md-6">
                <label asp-for="Address">Address</label>
                <input type="text" class="form-control mb-3" asp-for="Address">
                <span asp-validation-for="Address" class=" alert-danger"></span>
            </div>
            <div class="form-group col-md-6 mb-3">
                <label asp-for="RecordCreatedOn">Created On</label>
                <input type="datetime-local" class="form-control" asp-for="RecordCreatedOn">
                <span asp-validation-for="RecordCreatedOn" class=" alert-danger"></span>
            </div>
        </div>


        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-lg btn-primary p-2"><i class="bi bi-file-plus-fill"></i>Update</button>
        <a asp-controller="Employee" asp-action="Index" class="btn btn-lg btn-warning p-2">Back To List</a>
    </form>

</div>


@*//for front end validations*@

@section Scripts{
    @{
    <partial name="_ValidationScriptsPartial" />
    }
}

Delete.cshtml

@model Employee

<div class="container shadow p-5">
    <div class="row pb-2">
        <h2>Delete Employee</h2>
    </div>

    <form method="post" asp-action="DeleteEmp">
        <input asp-for="Id" hidden />
        <div asp-validation-summary="All"></div>

        <div class="form-row">
            <div class="form-group col-md-6">
                <label asp-for="Name">Employee Name</label>
                <input type="text" class="form-control mb-3" asp-for="Name" disabled>
                <span asp-validation-for="Name" class=" alert-danger"></span>
            </div>
            <div class="form-group col-md-6">
                <label asp-for="Designation">Designation</label>
                <input type="text" class="form-control mb-3" asp-for="Designation" disabled>
                <span asp-validation-for="Designation" class=" alert-danger"></span>
            </div>
        </div>

        <div class="form-row">
            <div class="form-group col-md-6">
                <label asp-for="Address">Address</label>
                <input type="text" class="form-control mb-3" asp-for="Address" disabled>
                <span asp-validation-for="Address" class=" alert-danger"></span>
            </div>
            <div class="form-group col-md-6 mb-3">
                <label asp-for="RecordCreatedOn">Created On</label>
                <input type="datetime-local" class="form-control" asp-for="RecordCreatedOn" disabled>
                <span asp-validation-for="RecordCreatedOn" class=" alert-danger"></span>
            </div>
        </div>
         

        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-lg btn-danger p-2"><i class="bi bi-trash-fill"></i>Delete</button>
        <a asp-controller="Employee" asp-action="Index" class="btn btn-lg btn-warning p-2">Back To List</a>
    </form>

</div>


@*//for front end validations*@

@section Scripts{
    @{
    <partial name="_ValidationScriptsPartial" />
    }
}

步骤 - 15

最后运行应用程序并测试所有功能！