Java Servlet RESTFul 客户端

在 Java Servlet RESTFul 客户端教程中，我们使用 JAX-RS 在 Java Servlet 中创建了一个 RESTFul 客户端。

Java API for RESTful Web Services (JAX-RS)是一种 Java API 规范，它支持根据具象状态传输 (REST) 架构模式创建 Web 服务。

RESTEasy是一个 Java RESTful Web 服务框架和来自 JBoss 的 JAX-RS 实现。

Servlet是一个 Java 类，它响应特定类型的网络请求——最常见的是 HTTP 请求。Java servlet 用于创建 Web 应用程序。它们在 Tomcat 或 Jetty 等 servlet 容器中运行。现代 Java Web 开发使用构建在 servlet 之上的框架。

Java Servlet 应用程序

以下 Web 应用程序创建对api.randomuser.me 站点的请求，这是一个随机用户生成器。

Java servlet 用于ClientBuilder创建一个 Client，它是 fluent API 的主要入口点，用于构建和执行客户端请求以使用返回的响应。

pom.xml
src
├── main
│   ├── java
│   │   └── com
│   │       └── zetcode
│   │           ├── model
│   │           │   ├── Location.java
│   │           │   ├── Name.java
│   │           │   ├── Person.java
│   │           │   └── PersonsList.java
│   │           ├── service
│   │           │   └── PersonService.java
│   │           └── web
│   │               └── MyServlet.java
│   ├── resources
│   └── webapp
│       ├── index.html
│       └── show.jsp
└── test
    └── java

这是项目结构。

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
         http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.zetcode</groupId>
    <artifactId>JavaServletRestClient</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>war</packaging>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>14</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>14</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>jstl</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.jboss.resteasy</groupId>
            <artifactId>resteasy-servlet-initializer</artifactId>
            <version>4.5.5.Final</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.jboss.resteasy</groupId>
            <artifactId>resteasy-client</artifactId>
            <version>4.5.5.Final</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.jboss.resteasy</groupId>
            <artifactId>resteasy-jackson2-provider</artifactId>
            <version>4.5.5.Final</version>
        </dependency>


    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>

            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.3.0</version>
            </plugin>

            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.eclipse.jetty</groupId>
                <artifactId>jetty-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>9.4.30.v20200611</version>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

这是 Maven POM 文件。我们有以下工件：javax.servlet-api 用于 servlet、jstl用于标准 JSP 标记库、 resteasy-servlet-initializer用于将 RESTEasy 与 servlet 集成、 resteasy-client用于 RESTFul 核心客户端实现以及resteasy-jackson2-provide用于 JSON/Java 模型数据绑定。

在应用程序中，我们有三个模型类；这些模型将填充来自响应的数据。

com/zetcode/model/Location.java

package com.zetcode.model;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnoreProperties;

@JsonIgnoreProperties(ignoreUnknown = true)
public class Location {

    private String city;
    private String state;
    private String postcode;

    public String getCity() {
        return city;
    }

    public void setCity(String city) {
        this.city = city;
    }

    public String getState() {
        return state;
    }

    public void setState(String state) {
        this.state = state;
    }

    public String getPostcode() {
        return postcode;
    }

    public void setPostcode(String postcode) {
        this.postcode = postcode;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("Location{");
        sb.append("city='").append(city).append('\'');
        sb.append(", state='").append(state).append('\'');
        sb.append(", postcode='").append(postcode).append('\'');
        sb.append('}');
        return sb.toString();
    }
}

存储用户的Location地址。

@JsonIgnoreProperties(ignoreUnknown = true)

通过@JsonIgnoreProperties注释，我们告诉杰克逊忽略Person.

com/zetcode/model/Name.java

package com.zetcode.model;

public class Name {

    private String first;
    private String last;
    private String title;

    public String getFirst() {
        return first;
    }

    public void setFirst(String firstName) {
        first = firstName;
    }

    public String getLast() {
        return last;
    }

    public void setLast(String lastName) {
        last = lastName;
    }

    public String getTitle() {
        return title;
    }

    public void setTitle(String title) {
        this.title = title;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {

        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        sb.append(title).append(" ").append(first)
                .append(" ").append(last);
        return sb.toString();
    }
}

Name存储用户名详细信息 。

com/zetcode/model/Person.java

package com.zetcode.model;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnoreProperties;

@JsonIgnoreProperties(ignoreUnknown = true)
public class Person {

    private Name name;
    private Location location;
    private String email;
    private String gender;

    public void setName(Name name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Name getName() {
        return name;
    }    

    public Location getLocation() {
        return location;
    }

    public void setLocation(Location location) {
        this.location = location;
    }
    
    public void setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
    }

    public String getEmail() {
        return email;
    }

    public String getGender() {
        return gender;
    }

    public void setGender(String gender) {
        this.gender = gender;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {

        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        sb.append("Name: ").append(name)
                .append("Address: ").append(location)
                .append("Email ").append(email)
                .append("Gender: ").append(gender);
        return sb.toString();
    }
}

该类Person存储有关用户的数据，包括姓名、地址、电子邮件和性别。

com/zetcode/PersonsList.java

package com.zetcode.model;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnoreProperties;
import java.util.List;

@JsonIgnoreProperties(ignoreUnknown = true)
public class PersonsList {

    private List<Person> results;

    public List<Person> getResults() {
        return results;
    }

    public void setResults(List<Person> result) {
        results = result;
    }
}

这是Person对象列表。Web 服务用数据填充此列表。

com/zetcode/web/MyServlet.java

package com.zetcode.web;

import com.zetcode.model.Person;
import com.zetcode.service.PersonService;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;

@WebServlet(name = "MyServlet", urlPatterns = {"/MyServlet"})
public class MyServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {

        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");

        List<Person> people = PersonService.fetchPeople(0, 50);

        request.setAttribute("people", people);
        request.getRequestDispatcher("show.jsp").forward(request, response);
    }
}

MyServletservlet 调用 ，PersonService.fetchPeople()它返回一个 Person对象列表。该列表被存储为一个属性，并且处理被分派到show.jsp页面。JSP 页面呈现 Person对象列表。

com/zetcode/service/PersonService.java

package com.zetcode.service;

import com.zetcode.model.Person;
import com.zetcode.model.PersonsList;
import java.util.List;

import javax.ws.rs.client.ClientBuilder;
import javax.ws.rs.client.WebTarget;
import javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType;

public class PersonService {

    private static WebTarget resource = ClientBuilder.newBuilder()
            .build().target("https://api.randomuser.me/");
 
    public static List<Person> fetchPeople(int offset, int num) {
        PersonsList res = resource.queryParam("seed", 1)
                .queryParam("results", num).queryParam("page", 1)
                .request(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON).get(PersonsList.class);
        return res.getResults();
    }      
}

PersonService包含对Web 服务fetchPeople()执行查询的方法。api.randomuser.me该服务随机返回用户对象。

private static WebTarget resource = ClientBuilder.newBuilder()
        .build().target("https://api.randomuser.me/");

使用ClientBuilder，我们创建了一个 Web 资源目标。该api.randomuser.me网站随机返回一个用户列表。

public static List<Person> fetchPeople(int offset, int num) {
    PersonsList res = resource.queryParam("seed", 1)
            .queryParam("results", num).queryParam("page", 1)
            .request(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON).get(PersonsList.class);
    return res.getResults();
}  

我们向网络资源发送查询；数据存储在 PersonsList.

webapp/index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <title>Home Page</title>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
    </head>
    <body>
        <a href="MyServlet">List people</a>
    </body>
</html>

这是主页。它包含一个链接来调用 MyServlet.

webapp/show.jsp

<%@page contentType="text/html" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Show people</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <table>
            <thead>
                <tr>
                    <th>Title</th>
                    <th>First name</th>
                    <th>Last name</th>
                    <th>City</th>
                    <th>State</th>
                    <th>Postcode</th>
                    <th>Email</th>
                    <th>Gender</th>
                </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>

                <c:forEach var="per" items="${people}">
                    <tr>
                        <td><c:out value="${per.name.title}"/></td>
                        <td><c:out value="${per.name.first}"/></td>
                        <td><c:out value="${per.name.last}"/></td>
                        <td><c:out value="${per.location.city}"/></td>
                        <td><c:out value="${per.location.state}"/></td>
                        <td><c:out value="${per.location.postcode}"/></td>
                        <td><c:out value="${per.email}"/></td>
                        <td><c:out value="${per.gender}"/></td>
                    </tr>
                </c:forEach>
            </tbody>
        </table>
    </body>    
</html>

该页面使用JSTL 库中的 和标记show.jsp在 HTML 表中显示数据 。c:forEachc:out

$ mvn jetty:run 

我们启动应用程序并定位到localhost:8080.

在本教程中，我们为随机生成用户的 Web 服务创建了一个 RESTEasy 客户端请求。该请求是从 Java servlet 发送的。