MyBatis 简介

 这是 MyBatis Java 教程。本教程涵盖了使用 Java 和 MyBatis 进行 MySQL 编程的基础知识。

MyBatis

MyBatis是一个 Java 持久性框架,它使用 XML 描述符或注释将对象与存储过程或 SQL 语句耦合在一起。与 ORM 框架不同,MyBatis 不会将 Java 对象映射到数据库表,而是将 Java 方法映射到 SQL 语句。MyBatis 允许使用所有数据库功能,如存储过程、视图、任何复杂性的查询和供应商专有功能。

使用 MyBatis 的好处是:

  • 开箱即用的表/查询缓存
  • 减少大部分 JDBC 样板文件
  • 提高生产力
  • SQL 代码与 Java 类的分离

关于 MySQL 数据库

MySQL是领先的开源数据库管理系统。它是一个多用户、多线程的数据库管理系统。MySQL 在网络上特别流行。MySQL有两个版本:MySQL服务器系统和MySQL嵌入式系统。

Maven 依赖项

pom.xml文件中,我们添加以下依赖项:

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <version>5.1.40</version>
    </dependency>    
    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
        <version>3.4.2</version>
    </dependency>      
    
</dependencies>   

POM 文件有两个依赖项:MyBatis 库和 MySQL 驱动程序。

MyBooks 表

本教程中的一些示例使用该MyBooks表。

mybooks.sql
CREATE TABLE MyBooks(Id INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, 
  Author VARCHAR(30), Title VARCHAR(60),  Published INTEGER, Remark VARCHAR(150));
INSERT INTO MyBooks(Author, Title, Published, Remark) VALUES ('Leo Tolstoy', 'War and Peace', 1869, 'Napoleonic wars');    
INSERT INTO MyBooks(Author, Title, Published, Remark) VALUES ('Leo Tolstoy', 'Anna Karenina', 1878, 'Greatest book of love');
INSERT INTO MyBooks(Author, Title, Published, Remark) VALUES ('Jeff Prosise', 'Programming Windows with MFC', 1999, 'Classic book about MFC');
INSERT INTO MyBooks(Author, Title, Published, Remark) VALUES ('Tom Marrs', 'JBoss at Work', 2005, 'JBoss practical guide');
INSERT INTO MyBooks(Author, Title, Published, Remark) VALUES ('Debu Panda', 'EJB3 in Action', 2007, 'Introduction to Enterprice Java Beans');

MyBooks这些 SQL 命令在 MySQLtestdb数据库 中 创建一个表。

MySQL版本

在第一个示例中,我们获取 MySQL 的版本。在此示例中,我们使用注释将对象映射到 SQL 语句。

图:MyBatisMySQLVersion 项目结构

这是 NetBeans 中的项目结构。

mybatis-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
  PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
  "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
    <environments default="development">
        <environment id="development">
            <transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
            <dataSource type="POOLED">
                <property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
                <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/testdb"/>
                <property name="username" value="testuser"/>
                <property name="password" value="test623"/>
            </dataSource>
        </environment>
    </environments>
</configuration>

每个 MyBatis 项目都有一个主要的 XML 配置文件。在这里,我们为 MySQL 定义了一个数据源。

MyMapper.java
package com.zetcode.version;

import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Select;

public interface MyMapper {

    @Select("SELECT VERSION()")
    public String getMySQLVersion();
}

通过@Select注解,我们将getMySQLVersion() 方法映射到注解中指定的 SQL 语句。获取 MySQL 版本的 SQL 语句是SELECT VERSION().

MyBatisMySQLVersion.java
package com.zetcode.version;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.Reader;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;

public class MyBatisMySQLVersion {

    private static SqlSessionFactory factory = null;

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

        String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
        Reader reader = null;
        SqlSession session = null;

        reader = Resources.getResourceAsReader(resource);

        factory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(reader);
        factory.getConfiguration().addMapper(MyMapper.class);
        
        reader.close();

        try {
            session = factory.openSession();
            String version = session.selectOne("getMySQLVersion");
            System.out.println(version);

        } finally {

            if (session != null) {
                session.close();
            }
        }
    }
}

我们连接到数据库并获取 MySQL 的版本。

String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
Reader reader = null;
SqlSession session = null;

reader = Resources.getResourceAsReader(resource);

读取配置文件。

factory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(reader);

SqlSessionFactoryBuilder用于构建SqlSession 实例 。

factory.getConfiguration().addMapper(MyMapper.class);

通过该addMapper()方法,我们将映射类添加到工厂。

session = factory.openSession();

openSession()方法创建一个SqlSessionSqlSession是使用 MyBatis 的主要 Java 接口。通过这个接口,我们执行命令、获取映射器和管理事务。

String version = session.selectOne("getMySQLVersion");

selectOne()方法检索从语句键映射的单行。语句键是映射器类中方法的名称。

System.out.println(version);

版本打印到控制台。

} finally {

    if (session != null) {
        session.close();
    }
}

最后,会话关闭。

MySQL 版本 2

在第二个示例中,我们也将检索 MySQL 的版本;这次我们使用 XML 映射器而不是注释。

mybatis-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
  PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
  "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
    <environments default="development">
        <environment id="development">
            <transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
            <dataSource type="POOLED">
                <property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
                <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/testdb"/>
                <property name="username" value="testuser"/>
                <property name="password" value="test623"/>
            </dataSource>
        </environment>
    </environments>
    
    <mappers>
        <mapper resource="mymapper.xml"/>
    </mappers>    
    
</configuration>

使用<mappers>标签,我们指定映射文件。

mymapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
  PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
  "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
  
<mapper namespace="com.zetcode">
    
    <select id="mysqlVersion" resultType="String">
        SELECT VERSION()
    </select>
    
</mapper>

<select>我们用标签 定义映射。

MyBatisMySQLVersion2.java
package com.zetcode.version2;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.Reader;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;

public class MyBatisMySQLVersion2 {

    private static SqlSessionFactory factory = null;

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

        String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
        Reader reader = null;
        SqlSession session = null;

        reader = Resources.getResourceAsReader(resource);

        factory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(reader);
        
        reader.close();

        try {
            session = factory.openSession();
            String version = session.selectOne("mysqlVersion");
            System.out.println(version);

        } finally {

            if (session != null) {
                session.close();
            }
        }
    }
}

这是主要课程。不同的是,我们没有添加带有 的映射器addMapper(),而是从配置文件中读取的。

MyBatis Java 配置

可以在不使用 XML 的情况下在纯 Java 中配置 MyBatis。在下面的示例中,我们将找出表中的书籍数量。

MyMapper.java
package com.zetcode.map;

import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Select;

public interface MyMapper {

    @Select("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM MyBooks")
    public int getNumberOfBooks();
}

MyMapper包含计算表中行数的 SQL 代码MyBooks

MyDataSourceFactory.java
package com.zetcode.jconfig;

import java.util.Properties;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import org.apache.ibatis.datasource.DataSourceFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.datasource.pooled.PooledDataSource;

public class MyDataSourceFactory implements DataSourceFactory {
    
    private Properties prop;

    @Override
    public DataSource getDataSource() {

        PooledDataSource ds = new PooledDataSource();
        
        ds.setDriver(prop.getProperty("driver"));
        ds.setUrl(prop.getProperty("url"));
        ds.setUsername(prop.getProperty("user"));
        ds.setPassword(prop.getProperty("password"));
        
        return ds;
    }

    @Override
    public void setProperties(Properties prprts) {
         
        prop = prprts;
    }
}

MyDataSourceFactoryPooledDataSource 从给定的属性创建一个。PooledDataSource是一个简单的、同步的、线程安全的数据库连接池。

MyBatisJavaConfClient.java
package com.zetcode.client;

import com.zetcode.jconfig.MyDataSourceFactory;
import com.zetcode.jconfig.MyMapper;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Properties;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import org.apache.ibatis.mapping.Environment;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.Configuration;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import org.apache.ibatis.transaction.TransactionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.transaction.jdbc.JdbcTransactionFactory;

public class MyBatisJavaConfClient {

    private static SqlSessionFactory sesFact = null;

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

        Properties prop = new Properties();
        prop.setProperty("driver", "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
        prop.setProperty("url", "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/testdb");
        prop.setProperty("user", "testuser");
        prop.setProperty("password", "test623");
        
        MyDataSourceFactory mdsf = new MyDataSourceFactory();
        mdsf.setProperties(prop);
        DataSource ds = mdsf.getDataSource();
        
        TransactionFactory trFact = new JdbcTransactionFactory();
        Environment environment = new Environment("development", trFact, ds);
        Configuration config = new Configuration(environment);
        config.addMapper(MyMapper.class);
        
        sesFact = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(config);

        try (SqlSession session = sesFact.openSession()) {
            
            int numOfBooks = session.selectOne("getNumberOfBooks");
            System.out.format("There are %d books", numOfBooks);
        }
    }
}

在 中MyBatisJavaConfClient,我们使用 Java 代码配置 MyBatis,构建 SQL 会话,并执行getNumberOfBooks()方法。

Properties prop = new Properties();
prop.setProperty("driver", "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
prop.setProperty("url", "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/testdb");
prop.setProperty("user", "testuser");
prop.setProperty("password", "test623");

这里我们设置数据库属性。

MyDataSourceFactory mdsf = new MyDataSourceFactory();
mdsf.setProperties(prop);
DataSource ds = mdsf.getDataSource();

我们通过 获取数据源MyDataSourceFactory

TransactionFactory trFact = new JdbcTransactionFactory();
Environment environment = new Environment("development", trFact, ds);
Configuration config = new Configuration(environment);
config.addMapper(MyMapper.class);

此代码替换 XML 配置。我们使用JdbcTransactionFactory、 EnvironmentConfiguration类。

sesFact = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(config);

类的实例Configuration被传递给SqlSessionFactoryBuilder's build()方法。

动态 SQL

动态 SQL 允许我们使用诸如 、 或 等标签创建动态<if>SQL<where>查询<foreach>

mybatis-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
  PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
  "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
    
    <typeAliases>
        <typeAlias alias="Book" 
                   type="com.zetcode.mybatisdynamicsql.bean.Book"/>  
    </typeAliases>      
    
    <environments default="development">
        <environment id="development">
            <transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
            <dataSource type="POOLED">
                <property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
                <property name="url" 
                          value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/testdb"/>
                <property name="username" value="testuser"/>
                <property name="password" value="test623"/>
            </dataSource>
        </environment>
    </environments>
    
    <mappers>
        <mapper resource="mymapper.xml"/>
    </mappers>    
    
</configuration>

首先我们提供mybatis-config.xml配置文件。

mymapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
  PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
  "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
  
<mapper namespace="com.zetcode">
    
    <select id = "getBook" resultType = "Book">
        SELECT * FROM MyBooks
    
        <where>
            <if test = "_parameter != null">
                Id = #{id}
            </if>
        </where>
        
    </select>    
            
</mapper>

mymapper.xml包含动态 SQL 表达式 。

<where>
    <if test = "_parameter != null">
        Id = #{id}
    </if>
</where>

<where>仅当 Id参数不为空时才包含标记 的内容。实际上,SQL 表达式返回由其 ID 标识的一本书,否则返回所有书籍。

Book.java
package com.zetcode.mybatisdynamicsql.bean;

public class Book {

    private Long id;
    private String author;
    private String title;
    private int published;
    private String remark;
    
    public Book() {};

    public Book(String author, String title, int published, 
            String remark) {
        
        this.author = author;
        this.title = title;
        this.published = published;
        this.remark = remark;
    }    

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getAuthor() {
        return author;
    }

    public void setAuthor(String author) {
        this.author = author;
    }

    public String getTitle() {
        return title;
    }

    public void setTitle(String title) {
        this.title = title;
    }

    public int getPublished() {
        return published;
    }

    public void setPublished(int published) {
        this.published = published;
    }

    public String getRemark() {
        return remark;
    }

    public void setRemark(String remark) {
        this.remark = remark;
    }
    
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Book{" + "id=" + id + ", author=" + author + ", "
                + "title=" + title + ", published=" + published 
                + ", remark=" + remark + '}';
    }    
}

Book是映射到我们的结果数据的 bean。

MyBatisDynamicSQL .java
package com.zetcode.mybatisdynamicsql;

import com.zetcode.mybatisdynamicsql.bean.Book;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.Reader;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;

public class MyBatisDynamicSQL {

    private static SqlSessionFactory factory = null;

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

        String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
        Reader reader = null;
        SqlSession session = null;

        reader = Resources.getResourceAsReader(resource);

        factory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(reader);

        try {
            session = factory.openSession();
            Book book = session.selectOne("getBook", 1);
            System.out.println(book);
            
            List<Book> books = session.selectList("getBook");

            for (Book b : books) {
                System.out.println(b);
            }            

        } finally {

            if (session != null) {
                session.close();
            }
        }
    }
}

使用一个语句键,我们检索一本特定的书和所有的书。

Book book = session.selectOne("getBook", 1);

在这里,我们检索由其 ID 标识的一本书。

List<Book> books = session.selectList("getBook");

在这里,我们检索所有书籍;第二个参数没有传递。

图书

在下一个示例中,我们将从数据库表中插入和读取书籍。

 

图:MyBatisMySQLBooks 项目结构

这是 NetBeans 中的项目结构。

Book.java
package com.zetcode.books.bean;

public class Book {

    private Long id;
    private String author;
    private String title;
    private int published;
    private String remark;
    
    public Book() {};

    public Book(String author, String title, int published, 
            String remark) {
        
        this.author = author;
        this.title = title;
        this.published = published;
        this.remark = remark;
    }    

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getAuthor() {
        return author;
    }

    public void setAuthor(String author) {
        this.author = author;
    }

    public String getTitle() {
        return title;
    }

    public void setTitle(String title) {
        this.title = title;
    }

    public int getPublished() {
        return published;
    }

    public void setPublished(int published) {
        this.published = published;
    }

    public String getRemark() {
        return remark;
    }

    public void setRemark(String remark) {
        this.remark = remark;
    }
    
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Book{" + "id=" + id + ", author=" + author + ", "
                + "title=" + title + ", published=" + published 
                + ", remark=" + remark + '}';
    }    
}

这是Book豆子。MyBatis 会将表列映射到这个类。注意空构造函数的显式用法。

mybatis-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
  PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
  "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
  
    <typeAliases>
        <typeAlias alias="Book" type="com.zetcode.books.bean.Book"/>  
    </typeAliases>  

    <environments default="development">
        <environment id="development">
            <transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
            <dataSource type="POOLED">
                <property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
                <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/testdb"/>
                <property name="username" value="testuser"/>
                <property name="password" value="test623"/>
            </dataSource>
        </environment>
    </environments>

</configuration>

在文件中,我们使用标签 mybatis-config.xml定义新Book 类型。<typeAlias>

MyMapper.java
package com.zetcode.map;

import com.zetcode.books.bean.Book;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Insert;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Select;

public interface MyMapper {

    @Select("SELECT * FROM MyBooks WHERE Id = #{id}")
    public Book getBookById(Long id);
    
    @Select("SELECT * FROM MyBooks WHERE Author = #{author}")
    public List<Book> getBooksByAuthor(String author);   
    
    @Insert("INSERT INTO MyBooks(Author, Title, Published, Remark) "
            + "VALUES(#{author}, #{title}, #{published}, #{remark})")
    public void insertBook(String author, String title, int published, 
            String remark);
}

MyMapper界面中,我们有三个注解。

@Select("SELECT * FROM MyBooks WHERE Id = #{id}")
public Book getBookById(Long id);

此注解将getBookById()方法映射到指定的 SELECT 语句;该方法返回一个Book对象。

@Select("SELECT * FROM MyBooks WHERE Author = #{author}")
public List<Book> getBooksByAuthor(String author);

我们将 SELECT 语句映射到getBooksByAuthor()方法列表,该方法返回书籍对象列表。

@Insert("INSERT INTO MyBooks(Author, Title, Published, Remark) "
        + "VALUES(#{author}, #{title}, #{published}, #{remark})")
public void insertBook(String author, String title, int published, 
        String remark);

使用@Insert注释,我们将 INSERT 语句映射到insertBook()方法名称。

MyBatisBooks.java
package com.zetcode.client;

import com.zetcode.map.MyMapper;
import com.zetcode.books.bean.Book;
import com.zetcode.util.MyBatisUtils;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;

public class MyBatisBooks {

    private static SqlSessionFactory factory = null;

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

        SqlSession session = null;
        
        factory = MyBatisUtils.getSqlSessionFactory();
        factory.getConfiguration().addMapper(MyMapper.class);
        
        try {
            session = factory.openSession();
            Book book = session.selectOne("getBookById", 4L);
            System.out.println(book);

            List<Book> books = session.selectList("getBooksByAuthor", "Leo Tolstoy");

            for (Book b : books) {
                System.out.println(b);
            }

            Book newBook = new Book("Miguel de Cervantes", "Don Quixote",
                    1605, "First modern novel");

            session.update("insertBook", newBook);
            session.commit();

        } finally {

            if (session != null) {
                session.close();
            }
        }
    }
}

在主类中,我们通过 ID 选择一本书,选择一个作者的所有书籍,然后在表中插入一本新书。

Book book = session.selectOne("getBookById", 4L);

selectOne()使用 session 的方法 检索一本新书。

List<Book> books = session.selectList("getBooksByAuthor", "Leo Tolstoy");

for (Book b : books) {
    System.out.println(b);
}

Leo Tolstoy 的所有书籍都是使用 session 的selectList() 方法检索的。

session.update("insertBook", newBook);
session.commit();

update()使用会话的方法 插入新书。该方法将Book实例作为第二个参数。更改被提交到数据库中commit()

这是 MyBatis 教程。

 

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