Java Spring MVC 中使用JdbcTemplate示例

Spring 通过使用jdbcTemplateorg.springframework.jdbc.core和相关包中的相关类,使使用 JDBC 变得容易。有关JdbcTemplate 基础知识的介绍性教程,请参阅:Spring JDBC 模板简单示例。本教程通过演示如何在Spring MVC应用程序中集成JdbcTemplate来进一步。本教程中的示例应用程序管理如下所示的联系人列表:示例应用程序是使用以下软件/技术开发的(当然,您可以使用较新的版本):

  • 爪哇 7
  • 日食开普勒
  • 弹簧框架 4.0
  • JSTL 1.2
  • MySQL 数据库 5.5
  • 马文 3

 

1. 创建 MySQL 数据库

执行以下 MySQL 脚本以创建名为contactdb的数据库和一个名为contact 的表:

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create database contactdb;
 
CREATE TABLE `contact` (
  `contact_id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` varchar(45) NOT NULL,
  `email` varchar(45) NOT NULL,
  `address` varchar(45) NOT NULL,
  `telephone` varchar(45) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`contact_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=25 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8

 

2. 在 Eclipse 中创建 Maven 项目

建议使用spring-mvc-archetype来创建项目(参见:在一分钟内使用 Maven 和 Eclipse 创建 Spring MVC 项目)。以下是项目的最终结构:

 

pom.xml文件中的以下 XML 部分用于向项目添加依赖项配置:

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<properties>
    <java.version>1.7</java.version>
    <spring.version>4.0.3.RELEASE</spring.version>
    <cglib.version>2.2.2</cglib.version>
</properties>
 
<dependencies>
    <!-- Spring core & mvc -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
 
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
        <type>jar</type>
        <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
 
    <!-- CGLib for @Configuration -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>cglib</groupId>
        <artifactId>cglib-nodep</artifactId>
        <version>${cglib.version}</version>
        <scope>runtime</scope>
    </dependency>
 
 
    <!-- Servlet Spec -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
        <version>3.1.0</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
        <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.1</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>jstl</groupId>
        <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
        <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>
 
</dependencies>

 

3. 编码模型类

模型类 -Contact.java- 非常简单:

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package net.codejava.spring.model;
 
public class Contact {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private String email;
    private String address;
    private String telephone;
 
    public Contact() {
    }
 
    public Contact(String name, String email, String address, String telephone) {
        this.name = name;
        this.email = email;
        this.address = address;
        this.telephone = telephone;
    }
 
    // getters and setters
}

此类只是将表联系人中的一行映射到普通的旧 Java 对象 (POJO) -Contact。

 

4. 编码 DAO 类

ContactDAO接口定义了对联系人表执行 CRUD 操作的方法:

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package net.codejava.spring.dao;
 
import java.util.List;
 
import net.codejava.spring.model.Contact;
 
/**
 * Defines DAO operations for the contact model.
 * @author www.codejava.net
 *
 */
public interface ContactDAO {
     
    public void saveOrUpdate(Contact contact);
     
    public void delete(int contactId);
     
    public Contact get(int contactId);
     
    public List<Contact> list();
}

这是一个实现 -ContactDAOImpl.java

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package net.codejava.spring.dao;
 
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;
 
import javax.sql.DataSource;
 
import net.codejava.spring.model.Contact;
 
import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessException;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.ResultSetExtractor;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;
 
/**
 * An implementation of the ContactDAO interface.
 * @author www.codejava.net
 *
 */
public class ContactDAOImpl implements ContactDAO {
 
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
 
    public ContactDAOImpl(DataSource dataSource) {
        jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
    }
 
    @Override
    public void saveOrUpdate(Contact contact) {
        // implementation details goes here...
    }
 
    @Override
    public void delete(int contactId) {
        // implementation details goes here...
    }
 
    @Override
    public List<Contact> list() {
        // implementation details goes here...
    }
 
    @Override
    public Contact get(int contactId) {
        // implementation details goes here...
    }
 
}

请注意声明JdbcTemplate的开头部分,并且通过构造函数注入数据源对象:

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private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
 
public ContactDAOImpl(DataSource dataSource) {
    jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
}

现在,让我们看一下每种方法的实现细节。插入或更新新联系人:

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public void saveOrUpdate(Contact contact) {
    if (contact.getId() > 0) {
        // update
        String sql = "UPDATE contact SET name=?, email=?, address=?, "
                    "telephone=? WHERE contact_id=?";
        jdbcTemplate.update(sql, contact.getName(), contact.getEmail(),
                contact.getAddress(), contact.getTelephone(), contact.getId());
    else {
        // insert
        String sql = "INSERT INTO contact (name, email, address, telephone)"
                    " VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)";
        jdbcTemplate.update(sql, contact.getName(), contact.getEmail(),
                contact.getAddress(), contact.getTelephone());
    }
 
}

请注意,如果联系人对象的 ID 大于零,请更新它;否则就是插入。注意:为了提高代码可读性,可以使用NamedParameterJdbcTemplate,而不是使用问号 (?) 作为占位符。您也可以使用SimpleJdbcInsert类,该类使用起来更方便。删除联系人:

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public void delete(int contactId) {
    String sql = "DELETE FROM contact WHERE contact_id=?";
    jdbcTemplate.update(sql, contactId);
}

列出所有联系人:

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public List<Contact> list() {
    String sql = "SELECT * FROM contact";
    List<Contact> listContact = jdbcTemplate.query(sql, new RowMapper<Contact>() {
 
        @Override
        public Contact mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) throws SQLException {
            Contact aContact = new Contact();
 
            aContact.setId(rs.getInt("contact_id"));
            aContact.setName(rs.getString("name"));
            aContact.setEmail(rs.getString("email"));
            aContact.setAddress(rs.getString("address"));
            aContact.setTelephone(rs.getString("telephone"));
 
            return aContact;
        }
 
    });
 
    return listContact;
}

请注意,使用RowMapper将结果集中的行映射到 POJO 对象。为了更方便,你可以像这样使用BeanPropertyRowMapper类:

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public List<Contact> list() {
    String sql = "SELECT * FROM Contact";
     
    return jdbcTemplate.query(sql, BeanPropertyRowMapper.newInstance(Contact.class));  
}

确保 Contact 类声明的字段名称与数据库表中的列名称完全匹配。使用BeanPropertyRowMapper更方便,但性能比使用RowMapper 慢。获取特定联系人:

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public Contact get(int contactId) {
    String sql = "SELECT * FROM contact WHERE contact_id=" + contactId;
    return jdbcTemplate.query(sql, new ResultSetExtractor<Contact>() {
 
        @Override
        public Contact extractData(ResultSet rs) throws SQLException,
                DataAccessException {
            if (rs.next()) {
                Contact contact = new Contact();
                contact.setId(rs.getInt("contact_id"));
                contact.setName(rs.getString("name"));
                contact.setEmail(rs.getString("email"));
                contact.setAddress(rs.getString("address"));
                contact.setTelephone(rs.getString("telephone"));
                return contact;
            }
 
            return null;
        }
 
    });
}

请注意使用ResultSetExtractor将单行提取为 POJO。你也可以像这样使用BeanPropertyRowMapper类:

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public Contact get(int contactId) {
    String sql = "SELECT * FROM Contact WHERE id=" + contactId;
    return jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql, BeanPropertyRowMapper.newInstance(Contact.class));
}

它大大简化了代码,但换来的是性能降低。

 

5. 编码弹簧MVC配置

基于Java的类和注释用于配置这个Spring MVC应用程序。下面是MvcConfiguration类的代码:

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package net.codejava.spring.config;
 
import javax.sql.DataSource;
 
import net.codejava.spring.dao.ContactDAO;
import net.codejava.spring.dao.ContactDAOImpl;
 
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ResourceHandlerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver;
 
@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages="net.codejava.spring")
@EnableWebMvc
public class MvcConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter{
 
    @Bean
    public ViewResolver getViewResolver(){
        InternalResourceViewResolver resolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();
        resolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/views/");
        resolver.setSuffix(".jsp");
        return resolver;
    }
     
    @Override
    public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
        registry.addResourceHandler("/resources/**").addResourceLocations("/resources/");
    }
 
    @Bean
    public DataSource getDataSource() {
        DriverManagerDataSource dataSource = new DriverManagerDataSource();
        dataSource.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
        dataSource.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/contactdb");
        dataSource.setUsername("root");
        dataSource.setPassword("P@ssw0rd");
         
        return dataSource;
    }
     
    @Bean
    public ContactDAO getContactDAO() {
        return new ContactDAOImpl(getDataSource());
    }
}

请注意,getDataSource() 方法返回一个配置的数据源Bean。您可能需要根据您的环境更改数据库 URL、用户名和密码。getContactDAO()方法返回ContactDAO接口的实现,该接口是ContactDAOImpl类。此 Bean 将被注入到控制器类中,如下所述。

 

6. 配置 Spring MVC 调度程序 Servlet

要为我们的Java Web应用程序启用Spring MVC,请更新Web部署描述符文件(web.xml),如下所示:

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
    <display-name>SpringMvcJdbcTemplate</display-name>
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextClass</param-name>
        <param-value>
            org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext
        </param-value>
    </context-param>
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
 
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>SpringDispatcher</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextClass</param-name>
            <param-value>
                org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext
            </param-value>
        </init-param>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>net.codejava.spring</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>SpringDispatcher</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
 
    <session-config>
        <session-timeout>30</session-timeout>
    </session-config>
</web-app>

 

7. 编码弹簧控制器类

HomeController类的框架:

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public class HomeController {
 
    @Autowired
    private ContactDAO contactDAO;
 
    // handler methods go here...
}

请注意,我们使用@Autowired注释让 Spring 自动将ContactDAO实现的实例注入到这个控制器中。每个处理程序方法都使用此contactDAO对象来执行必要的 CRUD 操作。让我们看看每种方法的实现细节。列出所有联系人的处理程序方法(也用作主页):

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@RequestMapping(value="/")
public ModelAndView listContact(ModelAndView model) throws IOException{
    List<Contact> listContact = contactDAO.list();
    model.addObject("listContact", listContact);
    model.setViewName("home");
 
    return model;
}

 

显示新联系人表单的处理程序方法:

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@RequestMapping(value = "/newContact", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public ModelAndView newContact(ModelAndView model) {
    Contact newContact = new Contact();
    model.addObject("contact", newContact);
    model.setViewName("ContactForm");
    return model;
}

 

插入/更新联系人的处理程序方法:

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@RequestMapping(value = "/saveContact", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public ModelAndView saveContact(@ModelAttribute Contact contact) {
    contactDAO.saveOrUpdate(contact);
    return new ModelAndView("redirect:/");
}

 

删除联系人的处理程序方法:

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@RequestMapping(value = "/deleteContact", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public ModelAndView deleteContact(HttpServletRequest request) {
    int contactId = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("id"));
    contactDAO.delete(contactId);
    return new ModelAndView("redirect:/");
}

 

用于检索特定联系人的详细信息以进行编辑的处理程序方法:

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@RequestMapping(value = "/editContact", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public ModelAndView editContact(HttpServletRequest request) {
    int contactId = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("id"));
    Contact contact = contactDAO.get(contactId);
    ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView("ContactForm");
    model.addObject("contact", contact);
 
    return model;
}

 

8. 编码联系人列表页面(主页)

以下是主页.jsp页面的源代码,其中显示联系人列表以及用于创建新联系人、编辑和删除联系人的操作链接。

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<%@page contentType="text/html" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
   "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
 
<html>
    <head>
        <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
        <title>Contact Manager Home</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <div align="center">
            <h1>Contact List</h1>
            <h3><a href="/newContact">New Contact</a></h3>
            <table border="1">
                <th>No</th>
                <th>Name</th>
                <th>Email</th>
                <th>Address</th>
                <th>Telephone</th>
                <th>Action</th>
                 
                <c:forEach var="contact" items="${listContact}" varStatus="status">
                <tr>
                    <td>${status.index + 1}</td>
                    <td>${contact.name}</td>
                    <td>${contact.email}</td>
                    <td>${contact.address}</td>
                    <td>${contact.telephone}</td>
                    <td>
                        <a href="/editContact?id=${contact.id}">Edit</a>
                        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                        <a href="/deleteContact?id=${contact.id}">Delete</a>
                    </td>
                             
                </tr>
                </c:forEach>             
            </table>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>

请注意,此 JSP 页使用 JSTL 和 EL 表达式。

 

9. 编码联系表格页面

联系人表单页面 (ContactForm.jsp) 显示用于创建新联系人或更新旧联系人的详细信息。这是它的完整源代码:

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<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="form" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
    "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>New/Edit Contact</title>
</head>
<body>
    <div align="center">
        <h1>New/Edit Contact</h1>
        <form:form action="saveContact" method="post" modelAttribute="contact">
        <table>
            <form:hidden path="id"/>
            <tr>
                <td>Name:</td>
                <td><form:input path="name" /></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>Email:</td>
                <td><form:input path="email" /></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>Address:</td>
                <td><form:input path="address" /></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>Telephone:</td>
                <td><form:input path="telephone" /></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td colspan="2" align="center"><input type="submit" value="Save"></td>
            </tr>
        </table>
        </form:form>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

请注意,此 JSP 页使用 Spring 窗体标记将窗体的值绑定到模型对象。要测试应用程序,您可以在方便时下载 Eclipse 项目或部署附加的 WAR 文件。

 

 
附件:

SpringMvcJdbcTemplate.war
[可部署的 WAR 文件]5521 千字节

SpringMvcJdbcTemplate.zip
[Eclipse-Maven 项目]27 千字节
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