Spring Boot TestEntityManager

Spring Boot TestEntityManager 教程展示了如何使用 TestEntityManager 在 JPA 测试中。TestEntityManager 提供了 EntityManager 方法的子集 对于测试以及常见测试任务的帮助程序方法很有用 例如“保留”或“查找”。

Spring是一个流行的 Java 应用程序框架，用于创建企业应用程序。Spring Boot 是 Spring框架的演变，有助于创建 基于Spring的独立生产级应用程序，只需最少的努力。

测试实体管理器

TestEntityManager允许在测试中使用。春天是一个抽象的结束; 它使开发人员免受JPA的较低级别细节的影响，并带来了许多便利 方法。但是春天允许在需要时使用 应用程序代码和测试。EntityManagerRepositoryEntityManagerEntityManager

在我们的测试中，我们可以注入数据源、@JdbcTemplate、@EntityManager或任何 来自我们应用程序的 Spring 数据存储库。

弹簧测试实体管理器示例

以下应用程序用于保存一些 测试方法中的城市实体。TestEntityManager

pom.xml
src
├───main
│   ├───java
│   │   └───com
│   │       └───zetcode
│   │           │   Application.java
│   │           │   MyRunner.java
│   │           ├───model
│   │           │       City.java
│   │           └───repository
│   │                   CityRepository.java
│   └───resources
└───test
    └───java
        └───com
            └───zetcode
                └───repository
                        CityRepositoryTest.java

这是项目结构。

绒球.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
         http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.zetcode</groupId>
    <artifactId>springboottestentitymanager</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.6.7</version>
    </parent>

    <dependencies>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
            <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.6.7</version>
            </plugin>

        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

该Maven POM文件包含Spring Data JPA，测试和H2数据库的依赖项。

com/zetcode/model/City.java

package com.zetcode.model;

import java.util.Objects;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;

@Entity
@Table(name = "cities")
public class City {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
    private Long id;

    private String name;
    private int population;

    public City() {
    }

    public City(String name, int population) {
        this.name = name;
        this.population = population;
    }

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getPopulation() {
        return population;
    }

    public void setPopulation(int population) {
        this.population = population;
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        int hash = 7;
        hash = 79 * hash + Objects.hashCode(this.id);
        hash = 79 * hash + Objects.hashCode(this.name);
        hash = 79 * hash + this.population;
        return hash;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (this == obj) {
            return true;
        }
        if (obj == null) {
            return false;
        }
        if (getClass() != obj.getClass()) {
            return false;
        }
        final City other = (City) obj;
        if (this.population != other.population) {
            return false;
        }
        if (!Objects.equals(this.name, other.name)) {
            return false;
        }
        return Objects.equals(this.id, other.id);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {

        var builder = new StringBuilder();
        builder.append("City{id=").append(id).append(", name=")
                .append(name).append(", population=")
                .append(population).append("}");

        return builder.toString();
    }
}

这是实体。City

com/zetcode/repository/CityRepository.java

package com.zetcode.repository;

import com.zetcode.model.City;
import org.springframework.data.repository.CrudRepository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import java.util.List;

@Repository
public interface CityRepository extends CrudRepository<City, Long> {

    List<City> findByName(String name);
}

CityRepository包含自定义方法。Spring 检查方法的名称，并从其关键字派生查询。findByName()

com/zetcode/MyRunner.java

package com.zetcode;

import com.zetcode.model.City;
import com.zetcode.repository.CityRepository;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class MyRunner implements CommandLineRunner {

    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyRunner.class);

    @Autowired
    private CityRepository cityRepository;

    @Override
    public void run(String... args) throws Exception {

        logger.info("Saving cities");

        cityRepository.save(new City("Bratislava", 432000));
        cityRepository.save(new City("Budapest", 1759000));
        cityRepository.save(new City("Prague", 1280000));
        cityRepository.save(new City("Warsaw", 1748000));

        logger.info("Retrieving cities");

        var cities = cityRepository.findAll();
        cities.forEach(city -> logger.info("{}", city));
    }
}

Inwe 使用 thes 来保存和 检索实体。数据存储在内存中的 H2 数据库中。MyRunnerCityRepository

注意：在 Java 企业应用程序中，这是一种很好的做法 以定义使用存储库的服务层。出于简单起见， 我们跳过服务层。

com/zetcode/Application.java

package com.zetcode;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
    }
}

设置弹簧引导应用程序。 启用自动配置和 组件扫描。Application@SpringBootApplication

com/zetcode/repository/CityRepositoryTest.java

package com.zetcode.repository;

import com.zetcode.model.City;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.DataJpaTest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.TestEntityManager;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@DataJpaTest
public class CityRepositoryTest {

    @Autowired
    private TestEntityManager entityManager;

    @Autowired
    private CityRepository repository;

    @Test
    public void testFindByName() {

        entityManager.persist(new City("Bratislava", 432000));
        entityManager.persist(new City("Budapest", 1759000));
        entityManager.persist(new City("Prague", 1280000));
        entityManager.persist(new City("Warsaw", 1748000));

        var cities = repository.findByName("Bratislava");
        assertEquals(1, cities.size());

        assertThat(cities).extracting(City::getName).containsOnly("Bratislava");
    }
}

在中，我们测试自定义 JPA 方法。CityRepositoryTest

@Autowired
private TestEntityManager entityManager;

我们注入。TestEntityManager

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@DataJpaTest
public class CityRepositoryTest {

@DataJpaTest用于测试 JPA 存储库。它与 @RunWith（SpringRunner.class）。注释禁用完全自动配置 并且仅应用与 JPA 测试相关的配置。默认情况下，测试 使用@DataJpaTest注释使用嵌入式内存数据库。

entityManager.persist(new City("Bratislava", 432000));
entityManager.persist(new City("Budapest", 1759000));
entityManager.persist(new City("Prague", 1280000));
entityManager.persist(new City("Warsaw", 1748000));

我们用方法拯救了四个城市。EntityManager'spersist()

var cities = repository.findByName("Bratislava");
assertEquals(1, cities.size());

我们测试该方法返回一个城市。findByName()

assertThat(cities).extracting(City::getName).containsOnly("Bratislava");

在这里，我们测试城市的名称。

$ mvn spring-boot:test

我们运行测试。

在本教程中，我们在测试中使用了。TestEntityManager