In the past, the maximum supported file length was 260 characters (256 usable after the drive characters and termination character). In Windows 10, you can enable long file name support, which allows file names up to 32,767 characters (although you lose a few characters for mandatory characters that are part of the name).
To enable this, perform the following:
- Start the registry editor (regedit.exe)
- Navigate to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\FileSystem
- Double-click LongPathsEnabled
- Set to 1 and click OK
- Reboot
This can also be enabled via Group Policy via Computer Configuration > Administrative Templates > System > Filesystem > Enable NTFS long paths.