android 反射机制

前言

项目中有许多以前调用的API，Android studio提示已经过时，所以打算把过时的API替换掉，但是新的API是@hide的，需要反射来调用，于是便重温了一下反射机制。先上例子：wifi遗忘功能以前的实现方式是：

mWifiManager.removeNetwork(config.get(i).networkId);
mWifiManager.saveConfiguration();

但是新的实现方法是forget方法，由于forget方法是隐藏方法，所以利用反射机制调用：

    public static void forgetNetwork(WifiManager manager, int networkId) {
        if (manager == null) {
            return;
        }
        try {
           //如果不传入WiFimanager，我们可以利用Class类来获取
           // Class<WifiManager>  wifiManagerClass = WifiManager.class;
           //Method forget = wifiManagerClass.getDeclaredMethod("forget", int.class, Class.forName("android.net.wifi.WifiManager$ActionListener"));
            Method forget = manager.getClass().getDeclaredMethod("forget", int.class, Class.forName("android.net.wifi.WifiManager$ActionListener"));
            if (forget != null) {
                forget.setAccessible(true);
                forget.invoke(manager, networkId, null);
              //forget.invoke(wifiManagerClass.newInstance(), networkId, null);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

Android反射机制调用API步骤

Android反射机制调用API有三个步骤：
1.获取Class对象

lass<WifiManager>  wifiManagerClass = WifiManager.class;

2.获取方法

Method forget = wifiManagerClass.getDeclaredMethod("forget", int.class, Class.forName("android.net.wifi.WifiManager$ActionListener"));

3.方法调用

forget.invoke(manager, networkId, null);

获取方法有getMethod(String name, Class<?>[] parameterTypes, boolean recursivePublicMethods)和getDeclaredMethod(String name, Class<?>... parameterTypes).其中getMethod获取public方法，getDeclaredMethod方法获取private方法。

获取方法和方法调用源码注释

getDeclaredMethod源码注释如下：

    /**
     * Returns a {@code Method} object that reflects the specified
     * declared method of the class or interface represented by this
     * {@code Class} object. The {@code name} parameter is a
     * {@code String} that specifies the simple name of the desired
     * method, and the {@code parameterTypes} parameter is an array of
     * {@code Class} objects that identify the method's formal parameter
     * types, in declared order.  If more than one method with the same
     * parameter types is declared in a class, and one of these methods has a
     * return type that is more specific than any of the others, that method is
     * returned; otherwise one of the methods is chosen arbitrarily.  If the
     * name is "<init>"or "<clinit>" a {@code NoSuchMethodException}
     * is raised.
     *
     * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then this
     * method does not find the {@code clone()} method.
     *
由源码注释可知，第一个参数为方法名，后面的都是方法的参数，如果一个方法重载了多次，则根据参数匹配度来判断是使用哪一个方法。
     * @param name the name of the method
     * @param parameterTypes the parameter array
     * @return  the {@code Method} object for the method of this class
     *          matching the specified name and parameters
     * @throws  NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found.
     * @throws  NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}
     * @throws  SecurityException
     *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
     *          following conditions is met:
     *
     *          <ul>
     *
     *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
     *          class loader of this class and invocation of
     *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
     *          s.checkPermission} method with
     *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
     *          denies access to the declared method
     *
     *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
     *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
     *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
     *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
     *          of this class
     *
     *          </ul>
     *
     * @jls 8.2 Class Members
     * @jls 8.4 Method Declarations
     * @since JDK1.1
     */
    @CallerSensitive
    public Method getDeclaredMethod(String name, Class<?>... parameterTypes)
        throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {
        return getMethod(name, parameterTypes, false);
    }

方法的调用invoke源码注释如下：

    /**   
     * Invokes the underlying method represented by this {@code Method}
     * object, on the specified object with the specified parameters.
     * Individual parameters are automatically unwrapped to match
     * primitive formal parameters, and both primitive and reference
     * parameters are subject to method invocation conversions as
     * necessary.
     *
     * <p>If the underlying method is static, then the specified {@code obj}
     * argument is ignored. It may be null.
     *
     * <p>If the number of formal parameters required by the underlying method is
     * 0, the supplied {@code args} array may be of length 0 or null.
     *
     * <p>If the underlying method is an instance method, it is invoked
     * using dynamic method lookup as documented in The Java Language
     * Specification, Second Edition, section 15.12.4.4; in particular,
     * overriding based on the runtime type of the target object will occur.
     *
     * <p>If the underlying method is static, the class that declared
     * the method is initialized if it has not already been initialized.
     *
     * <p>If the method completes normally, the value it returns is
     * returned to the caller of invoke; if the value has a primitive
     * type, it is first appropriately wrapped in an object. However,
     * if the value has the type of an array of a primitive type, the
     * elements of the array are <i>not</i> wrapped in objects; in
     * other words, an array of primitive type is returned.  If the
     * underlying method return type is void, the invocation returns
     * null.
     *
 由注释可知第一个参数为调用该方法的实例对象，其他参数为该方法的参数
     * @param obj  the object the underlying method is invoked from
     * @param args the arguments used for the method call
     * @return the result of dispatching the method represented by
     * this object on {@code obj} with parameters
     * {@code args}
     *
     * @exception IllegalAccessException    if this {@code Method} object
     *              is enforcing Java language access control and the underlying
     *              method is inaccessible.
     * @exception IllegalArgumentException  if the method is an
     *              instance method and the specified object argument
     *              is not an instance of the class or interface
     *              declaring the underlying method (or of a subclass
     *              or implementor thereof); if the number of actual
     *              and formal parameters differ; if an unwrapping
     *              conversion for primitive arguments fails; or if,
     *              after possible unwrapping, a parameter value
     *              cannot be converted to the corresponding formal
     *              parameter type by a method invocation conversion.
     * @exception InvocationTargetException if the underlying method
     *              throws an exception.
     * @exception NullPointerException      if the specified object is null
     *              and the method is an instance method.
     * @exception ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization
     * provoked by this method fails.
     */
    @FastNative
    public native Object invoke(Object obj, Object... args)
            throws IllegalAccessException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException;

链接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/b43b417f1513