java泛型的理解

仅代表个人水平和个人理解：

public class GenericTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Box<String> name = new Box<String>("corn");
        System.out.println("name:" + name.getData());
    }

}

class Box<T> {

    private T data;

    public Box() {

    }

    public Box(T data) {
        this.data = data;
    }

    public T getData() {
        return data;
    }

}

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public class GenericTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Box<String> name = new Box<String>("corn");
        Box<Integer> age = new Box<Integer>(712);

        System.out.println("name class:" + name.getClass());      // com.qqyumidi.Box
        System.out.println("age class:" + age.getClass());        // com.qqyumidi.Box
        System.out.println(name.getClass() == age.getClass());    // true

    }

}

关于通配符：

public class GenericTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Box<Number> name = new Box<Number>(99);
        Box<Integer> age = new Box<Integer>(712);

        getData(name);
        
        //The method getData(Box<Number>) in the type GenericTest is 
        //not applicable for the arguments (Box<Integer>)
        getData(age);   // 1

    }
    
    public static void getData(Box<Number> data){
        System.out.println("data :" + data.getData());
    }

}

上面代码会报错；可以使用下面方法：

public class GenericTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Box<String> name = new Box<String>("corn");
        Box<Integer> age = new Box<Integer>(712);
        Box<Number> number = new Box<Number>(314);

        getData(name);
        getData(age);
        getData(number);
    }

    public static void getData(Box<?> data) {
        System.out.println("data :" + data.getData());
    }

}

关于通配符上下限，其实就是限制通配符：

public class GenericTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Box<String> name = new Box<String>("corn");
        Box<Integer> age = new Box<Integer>(712);
        Box<Number> number = new Box<Number>(314);

        getData(name);
        getData(age);
        getData(number);
        
        //getUpperNumberData(name); // 1
        getUpperNumberData(age);    // 2
        getUpperNumberData(number); // 3
    }

    public static void getData(Box<?> data) {
        System.out.println("data :" + data.getData());
    }
    
    public static void getUpperNumberData(Box<? extends Number> data){
        System.out.println("data :" + data.getData());
    }

}