golang redis高性能缓存和超时设置

登录redis数据库

redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -p 6379 -a xxx (-a 密码）

查看redis版本

redis-cli -v

验证redis安装成功

redis 127.0.0.1:6379>PING
PONG

初始化redis

方式一：

import (
    "github.com/go-redis/redis"
)

func main () {
	// 初始化时可以指定连接redis的读写超时时间，默认都是3s
	client := redis.NewClient(&redis.Options{
	        Addr:     "127.0.0.1:6379",
	        Password: "root",
	        DB:       0,
	    })
	    
	    //延迟到程序结束关闭链接
	    defer client.Close()
	    
	    //ping
	    pong, err := client.Ping().Result()
	    if err != nil {
	        fmt.Println("ping error", err.Error())
	        return
	    }
	    fmt.Println("ping result:", pong)
}

方式二：

import (
    "github.com/gomodule/redigo/redis"
    "time"
    "fmt"
)

type Redis struct {
    pool     *redis.Pool
}

var redis *Redis

//MaxIdle: 池子里的最大空闲连接数
//MaxActive：池子里最大可用连接数
//IdleTimeout: 超过这个duration的空闲连接，会被关闭

//DialReadTimeout:读取redis数据的超时时间
//DialWriteTimeout:写入redis数据的超时时间
//DialConnectTimeout：连接redis的超时时间
func initRedis() {
    redis = new(Redis)
    redis.pool = &redis.Pool{
        MaxIdle:     256,
        MaxActive:   0,
        IdleTimeout: time.Duration(120),
        Dial: func() (red.Conn, error) {
            return red.Dial(
                "tcp",
                "127.0.0.1:6379",
                redis.DialReadTimeout(time.Duration(1000)*time.Millisecond),
                redis.DialWriteTimeout(time.Duration(1000)*time.Millisecond),
                redis.DialConnectTimeout(time.Duration(1000)*time.Millisecond),
            )
        },
    }
}

redis锁

github链接：https://github.com/bsm/redislock

import (
  "fmt"
  "time"

  "github.com/bsm/redislock"
  "github.com/go-redis/redis/v7"
)

func main() {
	// Connect to redis.
	client := redis.NewClient(&redis.Options{
		Network:	"tcp",
		Addr:		"127.0.0.1:6379",
	})
	defer client.Close()

	// Create a new lock client.
	locker := redislock.New(client)

	// Try to obtain lock.
	// RetryCount是重试次数，RetryBackoff重试的间隔时间
	option := redislock.Options{
		RetryCount:   1,
		RetryBackoff: 100ms,
		Metadata:     "",
		Context:      nil,
	}
	// Obtain第一个参数是key，第二个参数是获取锁的时间100s，超时后自动释放

	lock, err := locker.Obtain("key", 100*time.Second, option)
	if err == redislock.ErrNotObtained {
		fmt.Println("Could not obtain lock!")
	} else if err != nil {
		log.Fatalln(err)
	}

	// Don't forget to defer Release.
	defer lock.Release()
	fmt.Println("I have a lock!")

	// Sleep and check the remaining TTL.
	time.Sleep(50 * time.Second)
	if ttl, err := lock.TTL(); err != nil {
		log.Fatalln(err)
	} else if ttl > 0 {
		fmt.Println("Yay, I still have my lock!")
	}

	// Extend my lock.
	if err := lock.Refresh(100*time.Millisecond, nil); err != nil {
		log.Fatalln(err)
	}

	// Sleep a little longer, then check.
	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
	if ttl, err := lock.TTL(); err != nil {
		log.Fatalln(err)
	} else if ttl == 0 {
		fmt.Println("Now, my lock has expired!")
	}

}

redis存储的5种数据类型

参考连接：https://redis.readthedocs.io/en/2.4/sorted_set.html

1、String: 字符串
2、Hash: 散列
3、List: 列表
4、Set: 无重复集合
5、Sorted Set: 有序无重复集合（数据都带优先级）

// 根据key判断存储类型[String、Hash、List、Set、Sorted Set]
keyType, err = p.client.Type(key).Result()

string类型

redis 127.0.0.1:6379>SET amberStr "amber"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379>GET amberStr
"amber"

golang实现string

key := "amberStr"
err = client.Set(key, "amber", time.Hour).Err()  
value, err := client.Get(key).Result()

hash类型

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HMSET amberHS one "Hello" two "World"
"OK"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HGET amberHS one
"Hello"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HGET amberHS two
"World"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> DEL runoob

golang实现hash

key := "amberHASH"  
client.HSet(key, "name", "amber")  
client.HSet(key, "age", 18)  
  
//get hash  
hashGet, _ := client.HGet(key, "name").Result()  
fmt.Println("HGet name", hashGet)  
  
//获取所有hash 返回map  
hashGetAll, _ := client.HGetAll(key).Result()  
fmt.Println("HGetAll", hashGetAll)

list类型

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> rpush amberLS hello
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> rpush amberLS world
(integer) 2
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> rpush amberLS !
(integer) 3
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> lrange amberLS 0 10
1) "hello"
2) "world"
3) "!"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> DEL amberLS 

golang实现list

key := "amberLS"  
client.RPush(key, "hello", 10, "world", 15, "golang", 20).Err()  
  
//lpop 取出并移除左边第一个元素  
first, _ := client.LPop(key).Result()  
  
//blpop 取出并移除左边第一个元素， 如果列表没有元素会阻塞列表直到等待超时或发现可弹出元素为止。  
first2, _ := client.BLPop(time.Second*60, key).Result()  
  
//数据长度  
listLen, _ := client.LLen(key).Result()  
fmt.Println("list length", listLen)  
  
//获取列表  
listGet, _ := client.LRange(key, 1, 2).Result()  
fmt.Println("索引1-2的2个元素元素", listGet)

set类型

#重复的元素不会添加进去
redis 127.0.0.1:6379>SADD amberSet "amber"

redis 127.0.0.1:6379>SMEMBERS amberSet

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SETNX unique "one" 
(integer) 1

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SETNX unique "two"  
(integer) 0

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GET unique 
"one"

golang实现set

key := "amberSet"  
client.SAdd(key, "cat")  
client.SAdd(key, "dog")  
client.SAdd(key, "monkey")  
client.SAdd(key, ["rabbit", "tiger"])  

// 添加元素,无法设定指定失效时间，只能通过调用expire
_, err = client.SAdd(key, ["cat","dog"]).Result()

//获取集合的所有成员  
setList, _ := client.SMembers(key).Result()  

//移除集合里的元素 
client.SRem(key, "cat")  
  
//移除并返回set的一个随机元素  
setFirst, _ := client.SPop(key).Result() 

//获取集合的所有的元素
setList, _ := client.SMembers(key).Result()

//移除并返回set的一个随机元素,因为set是无序的
setFirst, _ := client.SPop(key).Result()

//返回集合中元素的数量
count, _ := client.Scard(key).Result()  

//删除集合中指定元素，若元素不存在则忽略，返回值是删除元素的数量，不存在的不统计在内
count, _ := client.SRem(key，"dog").Result()

//删除整个set集合
client.Del(key).Result()

//设置集合的过期时间
client.Expire(key, time.Hour).Result()

//设置锁
client.SetNX("key", "true", time.Second).Result()

ZSet类型

注意这里优先级是数字，在对象前面

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zadd amberZSet 10 dog
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zadd amberZSet 20 kitty
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zadd amberZSet 30 monkey
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zadd amberZSet 30 monkey
(integer) 0
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> > ZRANGEBYSCORE amberZSet 0 1000
1) "dog"
2) "kitty"
3) "monkey"

golang实现zset

key := "amberSet"  
ranking := []*redis.Z{  
  &redis.Z{Score: 100.0, Member: "dog"},  
  &redis.Z{Score: 80.0, Member: "cat"},  
  &redis.Z{Score: 70.0, Member: "kitty"},  
  &redis.Z{Score: 75.0, Member: "monkey"},  
}  
client.ZAdd(zsetKey, ranking...)  

//cat+5分  
newScore, err := client.ZIncrBy(key, 5.0, "cat").Result()  
fmt.Println("加5分后的最新分数", newScore)  

//取zset里的前4名热度的动物，这里仅是取出来
zset, _ := client.ZRevRangeWithScores(key, 0, 3).Result()  
fmt.Println("zset前4名", zset)

//随机pop优先级最大/最小的key和value，redis5.0以后支持
keyValue, _ := client.ZPopMax(key).Result()  
keyValue, _ := client.ZPopMin(key).Result()  

代码示例SetNX

func setnx() error{
	if success, err := client.SetNX("one", "true", 0).Result(); err != nil {
		errInfo = fmt.Sprintf("fail to set one to redis with error: %v", err)
		return fmt.Errorf(errInfo)
	} else if !success {
		errInfo = fmt.Sprintf("one has been setnx by other")
		return nil
		}
}
//err报错说明连接redis可能出现问题
//success=false说明key已经被使用
//SetNX第一个参数key，第二个参数是value，第三个参数是key存在时间超过指定时间会被删除，0代表永不超时