概要介绍:
AJAX全称为“Asynchronous JavaScript and XML”(异步JavaScript和XML), 其核心只有JavaScript、XMLHTTPRequest和DOM 。
最早应用XMLHTTP的是微软,IE(IE5以上)通过允许开发人员在Web页面内部使用XMLHTTP ActiveX组件扩展自身的功能,开发人员可以不用从当前的Web页面导航而直接传输数据到服务器上或者从服务器取数据。它可以排除下载冗余HTML的需要,从而提高进程的速度。Mozilla(Mozilla1.0以上及NetScape7以上)做出的回应是创建它自己的继承XML代理类:XMLHttpRequest类。Konqueror (和Safari v1.2,同样也是基于KHTML的浏览器)也支持XMLHttpRequest对象,而Opera也将在其v7.6x+以后的版本中支持XMLHttpRequest对象。对于大多数情况,XMLHttpRequest对象和XMLHTTP组件很相似,方法和属性也类似,只是有一小部分属性不支持。
实例:
三个源文件<index.jsp, ValidateServlet.java, web.xml>
<index.jsp>内容如下:
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=gb2312"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>ajax starting</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="desc">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
<script type="text/javascript">
var req;
function validate()
{
var idField = document.getElementById("userid");
var url = "servlet/ValidateServlet?id=" + escape(idField.value);
if (window.XMLHttpRequest)
{
req = new XMLHttpRequest();
}
else if (window.ActiveXObject)
{
req = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
}
if(req)
{
req.open("GET", url, true);
req.onreadystatechange = callback;
req.send(null);
}
}
function callback()
{
if (req.readyState == 4)
{
if (req.status == 200)
{
parseMessage();
}
else
{
setMessage("Not able to retrieve description" + req.statusText);
}
}
}
function parseMessage()
{
var message = req.responseXML.getElementsByTagName("message")[0];
var name = req.responseXML.getElementsByTagName("name")[0];
setMessage(message.firstChild.data,name.firstChild.data);
}
function setMessage(message,name)
{
var userMessageElement = document.getElementById("userIdMessage");
userMessageElement.innerHTML = "<font color=\"red\">" + message + " you "+name+"</font>";
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<input type="text" size="20" id="userid" name="id" οnblur="validate();">
<div id="userIdMessage"></div>
</body>
</html>
<ValidateServlet.java>内容如下:
package example;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class ValidateServlet extends HttpServlet {
private ServletContext context;
private HashMap users = new HashMap();
public ValidateServlet() {
super();
}
public void destroy() {
super.destroy();
}
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("text/xml");
response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
String targetId = request.getParameter("id");
System.out.println(targetId.trim());
if ((targetId != null) && users.containsKey(targetId.trim())) {
response.getWriter().write("<info><message>welcome</message><name>"+targetId.trim()+"</name></info>");
} else {
response.getWriter().write("<info><message>damp</message><name>bush</name></info>");
System.out.print("invalid");
}
}
public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
this.context = config.getServletContext();
users.put("ben","female");
users.put("ewilliams","male");
}
}
<web.xml>内容如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app id="WebApp_9" version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>ValidateServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>example.ValidateServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ValidateServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/servlet/ValidateServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>