可爱的Python——足够简单问题的解决之道
假设我们有这么一项任务:简单测试局域网中的电脑是否连通.这些电脑的ip范围从192.168.0.101到192.168.0.200.
import subprocess
cmd="cmd.exe"
begin=101
end=200
while begin<end:
p=subprocess.Popen(cmd,shell=True,stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
p.stdin.write("ping 192.168.1."+str(begin)+"\n")
p.stdin.close()
p.wait()
print "execution result: %s"%p.stdout.read()
1、搭建开发环境
linux:
1、安装开发环境
sudoapt-getinstallopenjdk-6-jdksudoapt-getinstalleclipsepython一般Linux自带
在eclipase中,InstallNewSoftware这是地址:Location:http://pydev.org/updates(PyDev的更新地址)
选择PyDev下的PyDevforEclipse,其他的不选安装之后重启eclipse
2、 配置PyDev插件PyDev->Interpreter-Python,New一个Python解释器,填上解释器名字和路径,路径选相应的python.exe。
File->New->Project,选PyDev下的PyDevProject,Grammer和Interpreter选相应的版本,Finish。
windows:
1、下载工具jthon(http://wiki.python.org/jython/DownloadInstructions),下载后双击执行该jar包. 第一步时选择所有,包括所有源.
2、在DOS命令窗口执行批处理。
cmd进入命令行状态。到安装目录c:/jthon2.5.5/执行jython.bat。
3、在eclipse中安装jthon插件
在help->softupdate->add sites 输入:windowhttp://pydev.sourceforge.net/updates/ 下载完后。选中这些下载选项。后点直接安装
4、配置jython.
在window-->属性->pydev->interpreter-jython->new->浏览你安装jthon的目录(c://jython2.5.5.)指向jython.jar.点击应用。然后点击ok.
2、Hello Python
print "Hello Python"
Python就是如此神奇
3、国际化的语言支持
# -*- coding: GBK -*-
print "欢迎来的Python的世界!" # 使用中文
raw_input("Press enter key to close this window");
可以这样设置语言的支持
4、方便易用的计算器
a=100.0
b=201.1
c=2343
print (a+b+c)/c
python就是计算器?
5 、字符串
打印出预定义输出格式的字符串:
Python怎么访问字符串呢?print """ Usage: thingy [OPTIONS] -h Display this usage message -H hostname Hostname to connect to """
请注意ASCII和UNICODE字符串的区别:word="abcdefg" a=word[2] print "a is: "+a b=word[1:3] print "b is: "+b # index 1 and 2 elements of word. c=word[:2] print "c is: "+c # index 0 and 1 elements of word. d=word[0:] print "d is: "+d # All elements of word. e=word[:2]+word[2:] print "e is: "+e # All elements of word. f=word[-1] print "f is: "+f # The last elements of word. g=word[-4:-2] print "g is: "+g # index 3 and 4 elements of word. h=word[-2:] print "h is: "+h # The last two elements. i=word[:-2] print "i is: "+i # Everything except the last two characters l=len(word) print "Length of word is: "+ str(l)
print "Input your Chinese name:" s=raw_input("Press enter to be continued"); print "Your name is : " +s; l=len(s) print "Length of your Chinese name in asc codes is:"+str(l); a=unicode(s,"GBK") l=len(a) print "I'm sorry we should use unicode char!Characters number of your Chinese \ name in unicode is:"+str(l);
6 、列表
word=['a','b','c','d','e','f','g'] a=word[2] print "a is: "+a b=word[1:3] print "b is: " print b # index 1 and 2 elements of word. c=word[:2] print "c is: " print c # index 0 and 1 elements of word. d=word[0:] print "d is: " print d # All elements of word. e=word[:2]+word[2:] print "e is: " print e # All elements of word. f=word[-1] print "f is: " print f # The last elements of word. g=word[-4:-2] print "g is: " print g # index 3 and 4 elements of word. h=word[-2:] print "h is: " print h # The last two elements. i=word[:-2] print "i is: " print i # Everything except the last two characters l=len(word) print "Length of word is: "+ str(l) print "Adds new element" word.append('h') print word
Python有着简易方便的数据类型
7、条件和循环语句
# Multi-way decision x=int(raw_input("Please enter an integer:")) if x<0: x=0 print "Negative changed to zero" elif x==0: print "Zero" else: print "More" # Loops List a = ['cat', 'window', 'defenestrate'] for x in a: print x, len(x)
Python是艺术家!
8、函数
# Define and invoke function. def sum(a,b): return a+b func = sum r = func(5,6) print r # Defines function with default argument def add(a,b=2): return a+b r=add(1) print r r=add(1,5) print r 并且,介绍一个方便好用的函数: # The range() function a =range(5,10) print a a = range(-2,-7) print a a = range(-7,-2) print a a = range(-2,-11,-3) # The 3rd parameter stands for step print a
Python竟然拥有如此完美的身材
9、文件I/O
spath="D:/download/baa.txt" f=open(spath,"w") # Opens file for writing.Creates this file doesn't exist. f.write("First line 1.\n") f.writelines("First line 2.") f.close() f=open(spath,"r") # Opens file for reading for line in f: print line f.close()
处理文件是不是很简单?
10、异常处理
s=raw_input("Input your age:") if s =="": raise Exception("Input must no be empty.") try: i=int(s) except ValueError: print "Could not convert data to an integer." except: print "Unknown exception!" else: # It is useful for code that must be executed if the try clause does not raise an exception print "You are %d" % i," years old" finally: # Clean up action print "Goodbye!"
Python这样来解决异常
11、类和继承
class Base:
def __init__(self):
self.data = []
def add(self, x):
self.data.append(x)
def addtwice(self, x):
self.add(x)
self.add(x)
# Child extends Base
class Child(Base):
def plus(self,a,b):
return a+b
oChild =Child()
oChild.add("str1")
print oChild.data
print oChild.plus(2,3)
Pyhon最可爱的面向对象语言
12、包机制
每一个.py文件称为一个module,module之间可以互相导入.
# a.py def add_func(a,b): return a+b # b.py from a import add_func # Also can be : import a print "Import add_func from module a" print "Result of 1 plus 2 is: " print add_func(1,2) # If using "import a" , then here should be "a.add_func"
带有文件层级结构的导包
parent --__init_.py --child -- __init_.py --a.py b.py
Python如何找到我们定义的module?在标准包sys中,path属性记录了Python的包路径.import sys print sys.path
通常我们可以将module的包路径放到环境变量PYTHONPATH中,该环境变量会自动添加到sys.path属性.另一种方便的方法是编程中直接指定我们的module路径到sys.path 中:
import sys
sys.path.append('D:\\download') from parent.child.a import add_func print sys.path print "Import add_func from module a" print "Result of 1 plus 2 is: " print add_func(1,2)