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原创 什么是session?
1、什么是session? 在计算机中,尤其是在网络应用中,称为“会话”。它具体是指一个终端用户与交互系统进行通信的时间间隔,通常指从注册进入系统到注销退出系统之间所经过的时间。Session实际上是一个特定的时间概念。
2014-08-22 16:14:27 178
C++ Standard Library, The: A Tutorial and Reference
Soon after its introduction, C++ became a de facto standard in object-oriented programming. This led to the goal of standardization. Only by having a standard, could programs be written that would run on different platforms — from PCs to mainframes. Furthermore, a standard library would enable programmers to use general components and a higher level of abstraction without losing portability, rather than having to develop all code from scratch.
The standardization process was started in 1989 by an international ANSI/ISO committee. It developed the standard based on Bjarne Stroustrup's books The C++ Programming Language and The Annotated C++ Reference Manual. After the standard was completed in 1997, several formal motions by different countries made it an international ISO and ANSI standard in 1998. The standardization process included the development of a C++ standard library. The library extends the core language to provide some general components. By using C++'s ability to program new abstract and generic types, the library provides a set of common classes and interfaces. This gives programmers a higher level of abstraction. The library provides the ability to use
String types
Different data structures (such as dynamic arrays, linked lists, and binary trees)
Different algorithms (such as different sorting algorithms)
Numeric classes
Input/output (I/O) classes
Classes for internationalization support
All of these are supported by a fairly simple programming interface. These components are very important for many programs. These days, data processing often means inputting, computing, processing, and outputting large amounts of data, which are often strings.
The library is not self-explanatory. To use these components and to benefit from their power, you need a good introduction that explains the concepts and the important details instead of simply listing the classes and their functions. This book is written exactly for that purpose. First, it introduces the library and all of its components from a conceptional point of view. Next, it describes the details needed for practical programming. Examples are included to demonstrate the exact usage of the components. Thus, this book is a detailed introduction to the C++ library for both the beginner and the practical programmer. Armed with the data provided herein, you should be able to take full advantage of the C++ standard library.
Caveat:
I don't promise that everything described is easy and self-explanatory. The library provides a lot of flexibility, but flexibility for nontrivial purposes has a price. Beware that the library has traps and pitfalls, which I point out when we encounter them and suggest ways of avoiding them.
2013-10-17
ipmsg 飞鸽传书 ip信使
ipmsg源码。ipmsg是在udp协议上的制定了自己的通信协议。可以在局域网内发送消息、传输文件,发送消息时使用udp、传输文件使用tcp,透过它大家可以更好地学习网络编程。
2010-03-27
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