Android 自定义ContentProvider

自定义 ContentProvider
----------------------------
内容提供器用于与数据源打交道,而内容解析器(ContentResolver)负责操作具体的内容提供器.数据源可以是文件或数据库.多个内容解析器可以同时访问内容提供器,因为它是线程安全的.
一个URI可以确定一个资源,而一个内容提供器可以有多个URI.但所有URI的AUTHORITY相同.
Android没有共享内存,因此要访问另一个进程的数据,必须要通过内容提供器来操作.

1. 继承ContentProvider,并重写所有抽象方法.
Android OS自动调用ContentProvider的onCreate()方法,而数据库是按需启用的.

2. 配置AndroidManifest.xml
<provider android:authorities="tl.android.provider.bookprovider"
android:name="tl.android.data.TestContentProvider">
</provider>

name: 指定ContentProvider子类的完全类路径.
authorities: 指定ContentProvider惟一标识(推荐:公司名.provider.数据表名+provider)

3. 为内容提供器定义各种常量.
CONTENT_URI
TABLE_NAME
DATABASE_NAME
DATABASE_VERSION
...

4.通过ContentResolver插入数据记录

5. 获取生成的数据库,并查看
*.db 一般在应用目录的 databases 下.
比如:
/data/data/tl.android.apps/databases/books.db

复制数据库到 C:
adb pull /data/data/tl.android.apps/databases/books.db c:\

将生成的books.db拖入sqlite3.exe (在Android SDK tools目录中)

查看数据库中的表
.tables

查看具体的表
select * from table_name;


具体参考代码:
TestContentProvider.java

package tl.android.data;

import java.util.HashMap;

import tl.android.data.TestContentProviderMetaData.BookTableMetaData;
import android.content.ContentProvider;
import android.content.ContentResolver;
import android.content.ContentUris;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.UriMatcher;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.SQLException;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteQueryBuilder;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.provider.BaseColumns;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.util.Log;

public class TestContentProvider extends ContentProvider {
	public static final String TAG = "amos_tl";
	public DatabaseHelper openHelper = null;

         //-- 创建表列名与JavaBean 映射.
	public static HashMap<String, String> sBookProjectionMap = null;
	static{
		sBookProjectionMap = new HashMap<String, String >();
		sBookProjectionMap.put(BookTableMetaData._ID, BookTableMetaData._ID);
		sBookProjectionMap.put(BookTableMetaData.BOOK_NAME, BookTableMetaData.BOOK_NAME);
		sBookProjectionMap.put(BookTableMetaData.BOOK_ISBN, BookTableMetaData.BOOK_ISBN);
		sBookProjectionMap.put(BookTableMetaData.BOOK_AUTHOR, BookTableMetaData.BOOK_AUTHOR);
		sBookProjectionMap.put(BookTableMetaData.CREATED_DATE, BookTableMetaData.CREATED_DATE);
		sBookProjectionMap.put(BookTableMetaData.MODIFIED_DATE, BookTableMetaData.MODIFIED_DATE);

	}

         //-- 创建URI最佳匹配器
	private static UriMatcher sUriMatcher = null;
         //-- 注册URI请求类型
	private static final int INCOMMING_BOOK_COLLECTION_URI_INDICATOR = 1;
	private static final int INCOMMING_SINGLE_BOOK_URI_INDICATOR = 2;
	static{
		sUriMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
		sUriMatcher.addURI(TestContentProviderMetaData.AUTHORITY, "books", INCOMMING_BOOK_COLLECTION_URI_INDICATOR);
		sUriMatcher.addURI(TestContentProviderMetaData.AUTHORITY, "books/#", INCOMMING_SINGLE_BOOK_URI_INDICATOR);
	}


	@Override
	public int delete(Uri uri, String whereClause, String[] whereArgs) {
		Log.i(TAG, "del");
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		SQLiteDatabase db = openHelper.getWritableDatabase();
		int count = 0;
		switch(sUriMatcher.match(uri)){
		case INCOMMING_BOOK_COLLECTION_URI_INDICATOR:
			count = db.delete(BookTableMetaData.TABLE_NAME, whereClause, whereArgs);
			break;
		case INCOMMING_SINGLE_BOOK_URI_INDICATOR:
			String rowID = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
			String where = BookTableMetaData._ID + "=" + rowID + (!TextUtils.isEmpty(whereClause)?" AND (" + whereClause + ')':""); 
			count = db.delete(BookTableMetaData.TABLE_NAME, where, whereArgs);
			break;
			default:
				throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI " + uri);
		}
		this.getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri, null);


		return count;
	}

	@Override
	public String getType(Uri uri) {
		switch(sUriMatcher.match(uri)){
			case INCOMMING_BOOK_COLLECTION_URI_INDICATOR:
				return BookTableMetaData.CONTENT_TYPE;
			case INCOMMING_SINGLE_BOOK_URI_INDICATOR:
				return BookTableMetaData.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE;
			default:
				throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI " + uri);
		}
	}

	@Override
	public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		Log.i(TAG, "insert");

		if(sUriMatcher.match(uri) != INCOMMING_BOOK_COLLECTION_URI_INDICATOR){
			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI " + uri);
		}

		long now = Long.valueOf(System.currentTimeMillis());

		if(values.containsKey(BookTableMetaData.CREATED_DATE) == false){
			values.put(BookTableMetaData.CREATED_DATE, now);
		}

		if(values.containsKey(BookTableMetaData.MODIFIED_DATE) == false){
			values.put(BookTableMetaData.MODIFIED_DATE, now);
		}

		if(values.containsKey(BookTableMetaData.BOOK_NAME) == false){
			//values.put(BookTableMetaData.BOOK_NAME, "null");
			throw new SQLException("Failed to insert row ,because Book Name is needed " + uri);
		}

		if(values.containsKey(BookTableMetaData.BOOK_ISBN) == false){
			values.put(BookTableMetaData.BOOK_ISBN, "Unknown ISBN");
		}

		if(values.containsKey(BookTableMetaData.BOOK_AUTHOR) == false){
			values.put(BookTableMetaData.BOOK_AUTHOR, "Unknown author");
		}

		SQLiteDatabase db = openHelper.getWritableDatabase();
		long rowID = db.insert(BookTableMetaData.TABLE_NAME, BookTableMetaData.BOOK_NAME, values);
		if(rowID > 0){
			Uri insertBookedUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(BookTableMetaData.CONTENT_URI, rowID);
			getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(insertBookedUri, null);
			return insertBookedUri;
		}

		throw new SQLException("Failed to insert row into " + uri);
	}


	@Override
	public boolean onCreate() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		Log.i(TAG, "create table");
		openHelper = new DatabaseHelper(this.getContext());
		Log.i(TAG, openHelper.toString());
		return true;
	}

	@Override
	public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection,
			String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		Log.i(TAG, "query");
		Cursor cursor = null;
		SQLiteQueryBuilder qb = null;

		qb = new SQLiteQueryBuilder();
		switch(sUriMatcher.match(uri)){
			case INCOMMING_BOOK_COLLECTION_URI_INDICATOR:
				qb.setTables(BookTableMetaData.TABLE_NAME);
				qb.setProjectionMap(sBookProjectionMap);

				break;
			case INCOMMING_SINGLE_BOOK_URI_INDICATOR:
				qb.setTables(BookTableMetaData.TABLE_NAME);
				qb.setProjectionMap(sBookProjectionMap);
				qb.appendWhere(BookTableMetaData._ID + "=" + uri.getPathSegments().get(1));
				break;
			default:
				throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI " + uri);
		}

		String orderBy = "";
		if(TextUtils.isEmpty(sortOrder)){
			orderBy = BookTableMetaData.DEFAULT_SORT_ORDER;
		}else{
			orderBy = sortOrder;
		}

		SQLiteDatabase db = openHelper.getReadableDatabase();
		Cursor c = qb.query(db, projection, selection, selectionArgs, null, null, orderBy);
		int i = c.getCount();
		ContentResolver cr = this.getContext().getContentResolver();
		c.setNotificationUri(cr, uri);

		return c;
	}

	@Override
	public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection,
			String[] selectionArgs) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		Log.i(TAG, "update");
		SQLiteDatabase db = openHelper.getWritableDatabase();
		int count = 0;
		switch(sUriMatcher.match(uri)){
		case INCOMMING_BOOK_COLLECTION_URI_INDICATOR:
			count = db.update(BookTableMetaData.TABLE_NAME, values, selection, selectionArgs);

			break;
		case INCOMMING_SINGLE_BOOK_URI_INDICATOR:
			String rowID = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
			String where = "BookTableMetaData._ID" + "=" + rowID + (!TextUtils.isEmpty(selection)?" AND(" + selection + ')':"");
			count = db.update(BookTableMetaData.TABLE_NAME, values, where, selectionArgs);

			break;
		default:
			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI " + uri);
		}

		getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri, null);

		return count;
	}


	//-- create table
	public class DatabaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper{

		public DatabaseHelper(Context context) {
			super(context, TestContentProviderMetaData.DATABASE_NAME, null, TestContentProviderMetaData.DATABASE_VERSION);
		}

		@Override
		public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
			// TODO Auto-generated method stub
			String sql = "CREATE TABLE " + BookTableMetaData.TABLE_NAME
						+ " (" + TestContentProviderMetaData.BookTableMetaData._ID 
						+ " INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,"
						+ BookTableMetaData.BOOK_NAME + " TEXT,"
						+ BookTableMetaData.BOOK_ISBN + " TEXT,"
						+ BookTableMetaData.BOOK_AUTHOR + " TEXT,"
						+ BookTableMetaData.CREATED_DATE + " INTEGER,"
						+ BookTableMetaData.MODIFIED_DATE + " INTEGER"
						+ ");";
			Log.i(TAG, db.getPath());
			db.execSQL(sql);

		}

		@Override
		public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
			// TODO Auto-generated method stub
			Log.i(TAG, "Upgrade database from " + oldVersion + " to "
					+ newVersion + ", which will destroy old data!");

			String sql = "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS " + BookTableMetaData.TABLE_NAME;
			db.execSQL(sql);
			onCreate(db);
		}

	}
}


class TestContentProviderMetaData {
	public static final String DATABASE_NAME = "books.db";
	public static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 1;

	public static final String AUTHORITY = "tl.android.provider.bookprovider";

	public static final String BOOKS_TABLE_NAME = "books";

	public static final class BookTableMetaData implements BaseColumns{
		public static final String TABLE_NAME = "books";

		// String 
		public static final String BOOK_NAME = "name";
		// String
		public static final String BOOK_ISBN = "isbn";
		// String
		public static final String BOOK_AUTHOR = "author";
		// Integer
		public static final String CREATED_DATE = "created";
		// Integer
		public static final String MODIFIED_DATE = "modified";

		public static final Uri CONTENT_URI = Uri.parse("content://" + AUTHORITY + "/books");
		//-- 多记录
		public static final String CONTENT_TYPE = "vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd.androidbook.book";
		//-- 单记录
		public static final String CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE = "vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd.androidbook.book";

		public static final String DEFAULT_SORT_ORDER = "modified DESC"; 


	}


}

MainActivity.java

package tl.android.apps;

import tl.android.data.TestContentProvider;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ContentResolver;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.os.Bundle;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    /** Called when the activity is first created. */
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);

        ContentResolver cr = this.getContentResolver();
        ContentValues cv = new ContentValues();
        cv.put("name", "android pro");
        cr.insert(TestContentProvider.CONTENT_URI, cv);
        cv.put("name", "android programming");
        cr.insert(TestContentProvider.CONTENT_URI, cv);

    }
}

AndroidManifest.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
	package="tl.android.apps" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0">
	<application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">
		<activity android:name="tl.android.apps.MainActivity" android:label="@string/app_name">
			<intent-filter>
				<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
				<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
			</intent-filter>
		</activity>

		<provider android:authorities="tl.android.provider.bookprovider"
			android:name="tl.android.data.TestContentProvider"></provider>
	</application>

	<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="4" />


</manifest>