当程序不想给上层抛出异常,或者说想捕获异常时,通常我们会使用到try, catch , finally。 但是这其中是有一些地方不是特别明白,特记录于此。
try未发生异常时执行顺序
第1个情况:finally中无return
public class TryTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String result = testFunc();
System.out.println(result);
}
private static String testFunc() {
try {
System.out.println("try executing");
int result = 1 / 1;
return "try end";
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("catch executing");
return "catch end";
} finally {
System.out.println("finally executing");
}
}
}
打印结果
try executing
finally executing
try end
第2个情况:finally中有return
public class TryTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String result = testFunc();
System.out.println(result);
}
private static String testFunc() {
try {
System.out.println("try executing");
int result = 1 / 1;
return "try end";
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("catch executing");
return "catch end";
} finally {
System.out.println("finally executing");
return "finally end";
}
}
}
打印结果
try executing
finally executing
finally end
所以总结上述两个情况:
1. 当try无异常时,先执行try不经过catch然后再执行finally
2. 若finally有return,则执行finally的return,程序结束 - (不推荐finally中使用return)
3. 若finally无return,则执行try中的return,程序结束。
try中发生异常时执行顺序
public class TryTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String result = testFunc();
System.out.println(result);
}
private static String testFunc() {
try {
System.out.println("try executing");
int result = 1 / 0;
return "try end";
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("catch executing");
return "catch end";
} finally {
System.out.println("finally executing");
}
}
}
打印结果
try executing
catch executing
finally executing
catch end
总结:
1. 先执行try,若有异常则进入catch,catch return前会先执行finally
2. 若finally有return, 执行finally的return,程序结束 - 程序未贴出,参考try那一节
3. 若finally无return,执行catch中的return,程序结束
三者的关系
- 编写顺序必定是try -> catch… -> finally
- 三者允许无catch或者无finally
- catch允许有多个
- 若catch分支未捕捉到实际抛出的异常,则往上层抛出
- 若存在finally语句分支,则finally必定会被执行