基于linux安装10g RAC，可能会遇到的几个问题

1、关于/etc/hosts文件

确保localhost.localdomain和localhost项作为回送地址包含在每个Oracle RAC节点的/etc/hosts文件中，如：
127.0.0.1   localhost.localdomain localhost
如果/etc/hosts文件中不存在localhost这一项的话，Oracle集群将无法启动应用程序资源，特别是ONS进程，如在启动ONS资源时，会报：
CRS-0215 could not start resource 'ora.linux1.ons'. Check log file "/home/oracle/app/crs/log/linux1/racg/ora.linux1.ons.log"
for more details.
有点需要注意，即要确保主机名不出现环回地址中，例如：
127.0.0.1   csbdb1  localhost.localdomain localhost
应改为：
127.0.0.1    localhost.localdomain localhost
如果RAC节点的主机名出现在/etc/hosts文件的环回地址中，则在安装RAC期间将会收到如下错误：
ORA-00603: ORACLE server session terminated by fatal error
OR
ORA-29702: error occurred in Cluster Group Service operation

2、检查并关闭UDP ICMP拒绝

通常，在安装linux操作系统期间，我们就建议不配置防火墙，如果UDP ICMP被防火墙阻塞或拒绝，Oracle集群软件很可能会在运行几分钟中崩溃。检查/关闭方法：
[root@csb_db1 ~]# service iptables status
Firewall is stopped.
[root@csb_db1 ~]# service iptables stop
[root@csb_db1 ~]# chkconfig iptables off
[root@csb_db1 ~]# chkconfig –list | grep iptables
iptables        0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

3、与存储相关的一个bug

在Linux平台上安装Oracle 10g RAC时，如果底层存储是EMC的话，可能会在安装CRS即将结束并执行root.sh时，如：
[root@csb_db1 ~]# /home/oracle/app/crs/root.sh
WARNING: directory '/home/oracle/app' is not owned by root
WARNING: directory '/home/oracle' is not owned by root
Checking to see if Oracle CRS stack is already configured
/etc/oracle does not exist. Creating it now.
Setting the permissions on OCR backup directory
Setting up NS directories
Failed to upgrade Oracle Cluster Registry configuration
Oracle给出的解释是：
CHANGES
It has been found that the following changes can cause this problem to occur:
1. Use Multiple Path(MP)disk configuration,may hit this issue.
2. Use EMC device(powerpath**) may hit this issue.
But it is not confirmed that these are the only things that can cause this problem to occur,as it has been found that on other hardware and configuration the problem might occur,the key change in this issue is that if the disk size presented from the storage to the cluster nodes are not dividable by 4K the problem should occur.
CAUSE
This issue is addressed in bug:4679769 which states that this is a known issue with the clusterware installation on platforms:Linux x86,x86-64 and “IBM Power Based Linux”.
SOLUTION
Before running the root.sh on the first node in the cluster do the following:
1. Download patch:4679769 from Matelink(contains a patched version of clsfmt.bin).
2. Do the following steps as stated in the patch README to fix the problem:
Note:clsfmt.bin need only be replaced on the 1st node of the cluster.
2.1.  unzip p4679769_10201_LINUX.zip
2.2.  cd 4679769
cp $ORA_CRS_HOME/bin/clsfmt.bin $ORA_CRS_HOME/bin/clsfmt.bin.bak
cp ./clsfmt.bin $ORA_CRS_HOME/bin/clsfmt.bin
2.3.  Ensure permissions on the clsfmt.bin binary are correct:
chmod 755 $ORA_CRS_HOME/bin/clsfmt.bin
按照上面的步骤处理完成后，还有一步也是需要做的，否则再次执行root.sh脚本时仍会报错，即dd下ocr磁盘：
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/raw/raw1 bs=1M count=500
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/raw/raw2 bs=1M count=500
可能部分朋友会因为没有MOS帐号而无法获取该PATCH，但你可以通过邮箱与我联系，我可以发送给你。

4、修改脚本

在即将完成CRS安装并执行root.sh脚本时，在linux平台上你会遇到，在第一个节点上执行，成功完成。在第二个节点上执行root.sh脚本时，则会遇到如下错误：
Oracle CRS stack installed and running under init(1M)
Running vipca(silent) for configuring nodeapps
/u01/app/crs/jdk/jre//bin/java: error while loading
shared libraries: libpthread.so.0:
cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
该错误的原因，据查资料了解：是因linux内核的这些版本会采用Oracle以前的一个解决方法，即在vipca和srvctl中使用LD_ASSUME_KERNEL设置来修补Linux线程中的一个原有缺陷。而这个解决办法在OEL5,RHEL5或SLSE10上不再有效，故而产生错误。
解决上面错误的方法就是编辑vipca可执行文件，撤销对LD_ASSUME_KERNEL的设置，即在vipca文件的120行的if语句之后：
if [ "$arch" = "i686" -o "$arch" = "ia64" ]
then
    LD_ASSUME_KERNEL=2.4.19
    export LD_ASSUME_KERNEL
fi
unset LD_ASSUME_KERNEL <— 添加此行
类似的，对于srvctl（在所有节点的CRS bin目录，以及RDBMS bin和ASM bin目录下），通过在168行左右添加一行来取消LD_ASSUME_KERNEL，如：
LD_ASSUME_KERNEL=2.4.19
export LD_ASSUME_KERNEL
unset LD_ASSUME_KERNEL  <— 添加此行
注意要对所有节点的这些文件重新编辑：
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/srvctl
$ORA_CRS_HOME/bin/vipca
$ORA_CRS_HOME/bin/srvctl
$ASM_HOME/bin/srvctl
PS：该问题已在10.2.0.4补丁集中修复。
在LINUX上安装RAC已有多次了，相信很多玩RAC的朋友也都比较熟悉这些错误了，记录下来，供自己查阅，也方便朋友们参考！