学习笔记：HttpServletRequest

HttpServletRequest对象代表客户端的请求，当客户端通过HTTP协议访问服务器时，HTTP请求头中的所有信息都封装在这个对象中，通过这个对象提供的方法，可以获得客户端请求的所有信息

常用方法：

String getMethod()	获取客户端的请求方式
String getContextPath()	获取虚拟目录
String getServletPath()	获取Servlet路径
-String getProtocol()-	-获取协议及版本-
String getQueryString()	获得get方式的请求参数
String getRequestURI()	获取请求URI(除去host部分路径)
String getRemoteAddr()	-获取客户机的IP地址-
StringBuffer getRequestURL()	返回客户端发出请求时的完整URL(全路径)

示例：

        //1. 获取请求方式 ：GET
        String method = request.getMethod();
        System.out.println(method);
        //2.(*)获取虚拟目录：/ dir
        String contextPath = request.getContextPath();
        System.out.println(contextPath);
        //3. 获取Servlet路径: /demo1
        String servletPath = request.getServletPath();
        System.out.println(servletPath);
        //4. 获取get方式请求参数：name=zhangsan
        String queryString = request.getQueryString();
        System.out.println(queryString);
        //5.(*)获取请求URI：/dir/demo1
        String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();
        StringBuffer requestURL = request.getRequestURL();
        System.out.println(requestURI);
        System.out.println(requestURL);
        //6. 获取协议及版本：HTTP/1.1
        String protocol = request.getProtocol();
        System.out.println(protocol);
        //7. 获取客户机的IP地址：
        String remoteAddr = request.getRemoteAddr();
        System.out.println(remoteAddr);```

	1.getHeaderNames();		获取所有请求头（header）参数名称
	2.getHeader(String name);		根据参数名称获取值

示例：

 Enumeration<String> headerNames = request.getHeaderNames();
        //2.遍历
        while(headerNames.hasMoreElements()){
            String name = headerNames.nextElement();
            //根据名称获取请求头的值
            String value = request.getHeader(name);
            System.out.println(name+"---"+value);
        }

	request.getParameter(name)	根据请求参数的名称获取对应的值；
	request.getParameterNames() 	获取所有请求的参数名称
	request.getParameterValues		根据参数名称获取参数值的数组
	request.getParameterMap()	获取请求参数对应的map集合

示例：

 protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //post 获取请求参数

        //根据参数名称获取参数值
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
       /* System.out.println("post");
        System.out.println(username);*/

       //根据参数名称获取参数值的数组
        String[] hobbies = request.getParameterValues("hobby");
        /*for (String hobby : hobbies) {
            System.out.println(hobby);
        }*/

        //获取所有请求的参数名称

        Enumeration<String> parameterNames = request.getParameterNames();
        /*while(parameterNames.hasMoreElements()){
            String name = parameterNames.nextElement();
            System.out.println(name);
            String value = request.getParameter(name);
            System.out.println(value);
            System.out.println("----------------");
        }*/

        // 获取所有参数的map集合
        Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = request.getParameterMap();
        //遍历
        Set<String> keyset = parameterMap.keySet();
        for (String name : keyset) {
            
            //获取键获取值
            String[] values = parameterMap.get(name);
            System.out.println(name);
            for (String value : values) {
                System.out.println(value);
            }

            System.out.println("-----------------");
        }


    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //get 获取请求参数
/*
        //根据参数名称获取参数值
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        System.out.println("get");
        System.out.println(username);*/

        this.doPost(request,response);
    }

request.setCharacterEncoding 设置流的编码

  protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1.设置流的编码
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");

        //获取请求参数username
        String username = request.getParameter("username");

        System.out.println(username);
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

        this.doPost(request,response);
    }

	request.getRequestDispatcher		转发资源
	request.setAttribute("数据名","数据内容")		存储数据到request域

protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("demo1被访问了。。。");
        //转发到demo9资源


        //存储数据到request域中
        request.setAttribute("msg","hello");

        request.getRequestDispatcher("/demo2").forward(request,response);
        

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

        this.doPost(request,response);
    }

	request.getAttribute("数据名")				获取数据

   protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

        //获取数据
        Object msg = request.getAttribute("msg");
        System.out.println(msg);

        System.out.println("demo2被访问了。。。");

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

        this.doPost(request,response);
    }