Base64学习

Base64学习

（图片来自
https://www.liaoxuefeng.com/wiki/0014316089557264a6b348958f449949df42a6d3a2e542c000/001431954588961d6b6f51000ca4279a3415ce14ed9d709000）

b1、b2、b3代表普通的字符串，如”a”,”b”,”c”
n1、n2、n3、n4代表用Base64编码后的字符
“abc” -> “YWJj”
图中可以看到，普通的字符是8个bit，Base64字符是6个bit

对字符串进行Base64编码：

• 1、把待编码的字符串转换成二进制字符串 binStr
• 2、末位加0使得binStr.length能被6整除（Base64字符每个字符对应6个bit）
• 3、每6个bit组成unitBinStr 将unitBinStr转成int，从Base64表中取出对应字符并拼接
• 4、拼接完后的Base64字符串，如果长度不能被4整除，末位补=

private val codeStr = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxzy0123456789+/"
private fun encodeBase64(string: String): String {
    //1、将待编码的字符串的每个字符转成二进制，不足8位高位补0，拼接起来
    var str = str2BinaryStr(string)
    var remainder = 0
    if (str.length % 6 != 0) {
        //2、一个Base64字符包含6个bit，不足6个的末位补0
        remainder = 6 - (str.length % 6)
        str += createZero(remainder)
        //println(str)
    }
    val result = StringBuilder()
    //3、6个bit一组，进行Base64字符转换
    for (i in 0 until str.length step 6) {
        if (i >= (str.length - remainder)) break
        val item = str.substring(i, i + 6)
        // 4、把二进制字符转成对应的整数
        val tenCode = item.toInt(2)
        //println(tenCode)
        //5、从Base64表中取出整数对应的Base64字符
        result.append(codeStr[tenCode])
    }
    //6、校验Base64字符串的长度是否是4的倍数，不是，末位补=
    val groupRemainder = (str.length / 6) % 4
    if (groupRemainder != 0) {
        result.append(createEqual(4 - groupRemainder))
    }
    return result.toString()
}

将Base64字符串解码：

private fun decodeBase64(string: String): String {
    //1、去掉末位=号
    val str = string.filter { it != '=' }
    var intNum = -1
    var oldBinaryStr = ""
    var decodeString = ""
    //2、得到原始的二进制字符串(有可能末位补过0)
    str.forEach {
        //从Base64表中取出Base64对应的index
        intNum = codeStr.indexOf(it)
        //将index转成二进制
        var binStr = intNum.toString(2)
        //注意这里是不足6补0而不是不足8 因为Base64每个字符对应6个bit
        if (binStr.length < 6) {
            binStr = createZero(6 - binStr.length) + binStr
        }
        //拼接成原始的二进制字符串(有可能末位补过0)
        oldBinaryStr += binStr
    }
    //3、去掉末位补的0
    val tail = oldBinaryStr.length % 6
    if (tail != 0) {
        oldBinaryStr = oldBinaryStr.substring(0, oldBinaryStr.length - (6 - tail))
    }
    //4、8个bit一组得到原始字符串
    for (i in 0..oldBinaryStr.length step 8) {
        if (i >= (oldBinaryStr.length - tail)) break
        val oldInt = oldBinaryStr.substring(i, i + 8).toInt(2)
        decodeString += oldInt.toChar()
    }
    //println(decodeString)
    return decodeString
}

其他辅助函数：

fun Char.getBinary(): String {
    val value = this.toInt()
    var quotient = value
    var remainder = 0
    val result = StringBuilder()
    while (quotient > 0) {
        remainder = quotient % 2
        quotient /= 2
        result.append(remainder)
    }
    return result.reverse().toString()
}
fun createZero(count: Int): String {
    if (count == 0) {
        return ""
    }
    val sb = StringBuilder()
    for (i in 0 until count) {
        sb.append("0")
    }
    return sb.toString()
}
fun createEqual(count: Int): String {
    if (count == 0) {
        return ""
    }
    val sb = StringBuilder()
    for (i in 0 until count) {
        sb.append("=")
    }
    return sb.toString()
}

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