实现跨程序数据共享

我们这里先假设先有一个A应用程序，这个程序中存在一个BookStore数据库和一张Book表，

然后还有一个B应用程序，跨程序实现数据共享的意思就是，通过B程序，我们可以对A程序中Book表中的数据进行CRUD（增删改查）操作。

下面我们就一一来实现A应用程序和B应用程序。

A应用程序：DatabaseSave

B应用程序：ProviderTest

我们需要实现ProviderTest应用程序对DatabaseSave应用程序的CRUD操作。

 

Database项目GitHub地址：

https://github.com/Skymqq/DatabaseSave.git

ProviderTest项目GitHub地址：

https://github.com/Skymqq/ProvidertTest.git

 

---

应用程序A(DatabaseSave项目)

我们就直接引用之前创建的DatabaseSave项目文件来继续学习。

如果你没有看过之前的数据库存储项目，可以去GitHub下载一下，项目地址：

https://github.com/Skymqq/DatabaseSave.git

下载之后导入到AS中后，新建一个ContentProvider，步骤如下：

new---》other---》ContentProvider

可以看到，我们将

内容提供器命名为DatabaseProvider

authority指定为com.example.databasesave.provider

Exported属性表示是否允许外部程序访问我们的内容提供器

Enabled属性表示是否启用这个内容提供器。

将两个属性都勾上，点击Finish完成创建。

DatabaseProvider.java代码：

package com.example.administrator.databasesave;

import android.content.ContentProvider;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.UriMatcher;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.net.Uri;

public class DatabaseProvider extends ContentProvider {

    public static final int BOOK_DIR = 0;

    public static final int BOOK_ITEM = 1;

    public static final int CATEGORY_DIR = 2;

    public static final int CATEGORY_ITEM = 3;

    public static final String AUTHORITY = "com.example.databasesave.provider";

    private static UriMatcher uriMatcher;

    private MyDatabaseHelper helper;

    static {
        //在静态代码块中对UriMatcher进行初始化操作，并将期望匹配的几种URI格式添加进去
        uriMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
        uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "book", BOOK_DIR);
        uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "book/#", BOOK_ITEM);
        uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "category", CATEGORY_DIR);
        uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "category/#", CATEGORY_ITEM);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onCreate() {
        //完成创建、升级 BookStore数据库
        helper = new MyDatabaseHelper(getContext(), "BookStore.db", null, 2);
        return true;
    }


    @Override
    public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection,
                        String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {
        //查询数据
        SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase();
        Cursor cursor = null;
        switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {
            case BOOK_DIR:
                cursor = db.query("Book", projection, selection, selectionArgs, null, null, sortOrder);
                break;
            case BOOK_ITEM:
                String bookId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
                cursor = db.query("Book", projection, "id = ?", new String[]{bookId}, null, null, sortOrder);
                break;
            case CATEGORY_DIR:
                cursor = db.query("Category", projection, selection, selectionArgs, null, null, sortOrder);
                break;
            case CATEGORY_ITEM:
                String categoryId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
                cursor = db.query("Category", projection, "id = ?", new String[]{categoryId}, null, null, sortOrder);
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
        return cursor;
    }

    @Override
    public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {
        //添加数据
        SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase();
        Uri uriReturn = null;
        switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {
            case BOOK_DIR:
            case BOOK_ITEM:
                long newBookId = db.insert("Book", null, values);
                uriReturn = Uri.parse("content://" + AUTHORITY + "/book/" + newBookId);
                break;
            case CATEGORY_DIR:
            case CATEGORY_ITEM:
                long newCategoryId = db.insert("Category", null, values);
                uriReturn = Uri.parse("content://" + AUTHORITY + "/category/" + newCategoryId);
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
        return uriReturn;
    }

    @Override
    public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection,
                      String[] selectionArgs) {
        //更新数据
        SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase();
        int updateRows = 0;
        switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {
            case BOOK_DIR:
                updateRows = db.update("Book", values, selection, selectionArgs);
                break;
            case BOOK_ITEM:
                String bookId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
                updateRows = db.update("Book", values, "id = ?", new String[]{bookId});
                break;
            case CATEGORY_DIR:
                updateRows = db.update("Category", values, selection, selectionArgs);
                break;
            case CATEGORY_ITEM:
                String categoryId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
                updateRows = db.update("Category", values, "id = ?", new String[]{categoryId});
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
        return updateRows;
    }

    @Override
    public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
        //删除数据
        SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase();
        int deleteRows = 0;
        switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {
            case BOOK_DIR:
                deleteRows = db.delete("Book", selection, selectionArgs);
                break;
            case BOOK_ITEM:
                String bookId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
                deleteRows = db.delete("Book", "id = ?", new String[]{bookId});
                break;
            case CATEGORY_DIR:
                deleteRows = db.delete("Category", selection, selectionArgs);
                break;
            case CATEGORY_ITEM:
                String categoryId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
                deleteRows = db.delete("Category", "id = ?", new String[]{categoryId});
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
        return deleteRows;
    }

    @Override
    public String getType(Uri uri) {
        switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {
            case BOOK_DIR:
                return "vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd.com.example.databasesave.provider.book";
            case BOOK_ITEM:
                return "vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd.com.example.databasesave.provider.book";
            case CATEGORY_DIR:
                return "vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd.com.example.databasesave.provider.category";
            case CATEGORY_ITEM:
                return "vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd.com.example.databasesave.provider.category";
        }
        return null;
    }


}

MyDatabaseHelper.java代码：

package com.example.administrator.databasesave;

import android.content.Context;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MyDatabaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {
    private Context context;

    public static final String CREATE_BOOK = "create table Book(" +
            "id integer primary key autoincrement," +
            "author text," +
            "price real," +
            "pages integer," +
            "name text)";

    public static final String CREATE_CATEGORY = "create table Category(" +
            "id integer primary key autoincrement," +
            "category_name text," +
            "category_code integer)";

    public MyDatabaseHelper(Context context, String name, SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory factory, int version) {
        super(context, name, factory, version);
        this.context = context;
    }


    @Override
    public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
        db.execSQL(CREATE_BOOK);//执行sql语句创建Book表
        db.execSQL(CREATE_CATEGORY);//执行sql语句创建Category表
    }

    @Override
    public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
        db.execSQL("drop table if exists Book");
        db.execSQL("drop table if exists Category");
        onCreate(db);
    }
}

 

AndroidManifest.xml代码：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.administrator.databasesave">

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
        <activity android:name=".MainActivity">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>

        <provider
            android:name=".DatabaseProvider"
            android:authorities="com.example.databasesave.provider"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true"></provider>
    </application>

</manifest>

现在这个DatabaseSave项目已经拥有了跨程序共享数据的功能了，再此，我们先将之前运行在模拟器上的DatabaseSave应用卸载，再重新安装应用，以防止之前的项目文件对我们造成干扰。

 

 

---

应用程序B(ProviderTest项目)

下面我们再新建一个ProviderTest项目，我们希望通过这个新建的项目去访问DatabaseSave项目中的数据，从而实现跨程序共享数据的功能。

activity_main.xml代码：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical">


    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_add"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Add Data To Book"
        android:textAllCaps="false"
        android:textSize="18sp"
        android:textStyle="bold" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_query"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Query Data From Book"
        android:textAllCaps="false"
        android:textSize="18sp"
        android:textStyle="bold" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_update"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Update Book"
        android:textAllCaps="false"
        android:textSize="18sp"
        android:textStyle="bold" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_delete"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Delete Data From Book"
        android:textAllCaps="false"
        android:textSize="18sp"
        android:textStyle="bold" />


</LinearLayout>

MainActivity.java代码：

package com.example.administrator.providertest;

import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {

    private static final String TAG = "MainActivity";
    private Button btn_add, btn_query, btn_update, btn_delete;
    private String newId;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        initView();//初始化UI控件
    }

    private void initView() {
        btn_add = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_add);
        btn_query = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_query);
        btn_update = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_query);
        btn_delete = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_delete);

        btn_add.setOnClickListener(this);
        btn_query.setOnClickListener(this);
        btn_update.setOnClickListener(this);
        btn_delete.setOnClickListener(this);
    }


    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        switch (v.getId()) {
            case R.id.btn_add:
                add();//添加数据
                Toast.makeText(this, "add successfully", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                break;
            case R.id.btn_query:
                query();//查询数据
                Toast.makeText(this, "query successfully", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                break;
            case R.id.btn_update:
                update();//更新数据
                Toast.makeText(this, "update successfully", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                break;
            case R.id.btn_delete:
                delete();//删除数据
                Toast.makeText(this, "delete successfully", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
    }


    private void add() {
        Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.example.databasesave.provider/book");
        ContentValues cv = new ContentValues();
        cv.put("name", "A Clash of Kings");
        cv.put("author", "George Martin");
        cv.put("pages", 1040);
        cv.put("price", 22.85);
        Uri newUri = getContentResolver().insert(uri, cv);
        newId = newUri.getPathSegments().get(1);
    }

    private void query() {
        Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.example.databasesave.provider/book");
        Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(uri, null, null, null, null);
        if (cursor != null) {
            while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
                String name = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("name"));
                String author = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("author"));
                int pages = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex("pages"));
                double price = cursor.getDouble(cursor.getColumnIndex("price"));
                Log.e(TAG, "book name is " + name);
                Log.e(TAG, "book author is " + author);
                Log.e(TAG, "book pages are " + pages);
                Log.e(TAG, "book price is " + price);
            }
            cursor.close();
        }
    }

    private void update() {
        Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.example.databasesave.provider/book/" + newId);
        ContentValues cv = new ContentValues();
        cv.put("name", "A Storm of Swords");
        cv.put("pages", 1216);
        cv.put("price", 24.05);
        getContentResolver().update(uri, cv, null, null);
    }

    private void delete() {
        Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.example.databasesave.provider/book/" + newId);
        getContentResolver().delete(uri, null, null);
    }
}

运行ProviderTest应用程序：

1.添加数据

在PrioviderTest中点击Add Data To Book按钮向Book表中添加数据

使用adb shell查看Book表中的数据如下：

 

2.查询数据：

在PrioviderTest中点击Query Data From Book按钮从Book表中查询数据：

ProviderTest中的Logcat将Book表中查询出来的数据打印：

 

3.更新数据：

在PrioviderTest中点击Update Data 按钮更新Book表中的数据：

Logcat打印：

未更新前的数据：

更新后的数据：

4.删除数据：

在PrioviderTest中点击Delete Data From Book按钮删除Book表中的数据：

adb shell查看Book表中是否还有数据：

说明我们的删除功能也是可以使用的。

 

跨程序共享数据的CRUD操作，基本上就这些。