一、Looper
属性
static final ThreadLocal<Looper> sThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Looper>();
private static Looper sMainLooper; // guarded by Looper.class
final MessageQueue mQueue;
final Thread mThread;
private Printer mLogging;
private long mTraceTag;
private long mSlowDispatchThresholdMs;
prepare()方法：
public static void prepare() {
prepare(true);
}
private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) {
// 同一个线程多次prepare会报错
if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
}
sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed));
}
private Looper(boolean quitAllowed) {
mQueue = new MessageQueue(quitAllowed);
mThread = Thread.currentThread();
}
prepare()方法就是创建 Looper 并存放到 ThreadLocal。ThreadLocal 是以键值对到形式存储的，键就是当前线程。
main Looper:
public static void prepareMainLooper() {
prepare(false);
synchronized (Looper.class) {
if (sMainLooper != null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("The main Looper has already been prepared.");
}
sMainLooper = myLooper();
}
}
public static Looper getMainLooper() {
synchronized (Looper.class) {
return sMainLooper;
}
}
在 ActivityThread.java 的 main() 方法中调用：
//Android 程序入口
public static void main(String[] args) {
...
Looper.prepareMainLooper();
ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread();
thread.attach(false);
if (sMainThreadHandler == null) {
sMainThreadHandler = thread.getHandler();
}
...
Looper.loop();
...
}
因为主线程已经在main()方法中初始化过looper了，所以在主线程中使用handler不用再调用prepare()方法和loop()方法了。
问题：为什么主线程中loop存在一个无限for循环不会阻塞主线程？
因为这个无限循环就是线程能够一直存在，不断接收消息处理消息的原因。它就是主线程本身处理消息的地方，可以说就是主线程本身，阻塞这个for循环就是阻塞主线程，才会报ANR。
下面就看看loop()是怎么处理消息的。
loop():
public static void loop() {
// 获取当前线程的looper对象
final Looper me = myLooper();
if (me == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread.");
}
//获取消息队列（单链表）
final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;
// Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process,
// and keep track of what that identity token actually is.
Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
for (;;) {
//获取消息队列中的 msg，正常情况下是不会为null的，next()中有无限for 循环
Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
//为空就结束
if (msg == null) {
// No message indicates that the message queue is quitting.
return;
}
...
final long slowDispatchThresholdMs = me.mSlowDispatchThresholdMs;
final long traceTag = me.mTraceTag;
if (traceTag != 0 && Trace.isTagEnabled(traceTag)) {
Trace.traceBegin(traceTag, msg.target.getTraceName(msg));
}
final long start = (slowDispatchThresholdMs == 0) ? 0 : SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
final long end;
try {
// msg 传到 handler 的dispatchMessage() 方法处理
msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
end = (slowDispatchThresholdMs == 0) ? 0 : SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
} finally {
if (traceTag != 0) {
Trace.traceEnd(traceTag);
}
}
...
// Make sure that during the course of dispatching the
// identity of the thread wasn't corrupted.
final long newIdent = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
...
msg.recycleUnchecked();
}
}
核心就在loop()方法。
二、Handler
成员变量和构造方法：
final Looper mLooper;
final MessageQueue mQueue;
final Callback mCallback;
final boolean mAsynchronous;
IMessenger mMessenger;
public Handler() {
this(null, false);
}
public Handler(Callback callback) {
this(callback, false);
}
public Handler(Looper looper) {
this(looper, null, false);
}
public Handler(Looper looper, Callback callback) {
this(looper, callback, false);
}
public Handler(boolean async) {
this(null, async);
}
public Handler(Callback callback, boolean async) {
if (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) {
final Class<? extends Handler> klass = getClass();
if ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass() || klass.isLocalClass()) &&
(klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) {
Log.w(TAG, "The following Handler class should be static or leaks might occur: " +
klass.getCanonicalName());
}
}
mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
if (mLooper == null) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()");
}
mQueue = mLooper.mQueue;
mCallback = callback;
mAsynchronous = async;
}
public Handler(Looper looper, Callback callback, boolean async) {
mLooper = looper;
mQueue = looper.mQueue;
mCallback = callback;
mAsynchronous = async;
}
Handler里面持有了 Looper 和 MessageQueue，所以 new Handler() 之前要先 Looper.prepare() 初始化 looper ，MessageQueue 在 Looper 的构造方法中创建。
sendMassage相关方法（7个）：
public final boolean sendMessage(Message msg)
{
return sendMessageDelayed(msg, 0);
}
public final boolean sendEmptyMessage(int what)
{
return sendEmptyMessageDelayed(what, 0);
}
public final boolean sendEmptyMessageDelayed(int what, long delayMillis) {
Message msg = Message.obtain();
msg.what = what;
return sendMessageDelayed(msg, delayMillis);
}
public final boolean sendEmptyMessageAtTime(int what, long uptimeMillis) {
Message msg = Message.obtain();
msg.what = what;
return sendMessageAtTime(msg, uptimeMillis);
}
public final boolean sendMessageDelayed(Message msg, long delayMillis)
{
if (delayMillis < 0) {
delayMillis = 0;
}
return sendMessageAtTime(msg, SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + delayMillis);
}
public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
MessageQueue queue = mQueue;
if (queue == null) {
RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(
this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");
Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);
return false;
}
return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis);
}
public final boolean sendMessageAtFrontOfQueue(Message msg) {
MessageQueue queue = mQueue;
if (queue == null) {
RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(
this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");
Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);
return false;
}
return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, 0);
}
post相关方法(5个)：
public final boolean post(Runnable r)
{
return sendMessageDelayed(getPostMessage(r), 0);
}
public final boolean postAtTime(Runnable r, long uptimeMillis)
{
return sendMessageAtTime(getPostMessage(r), uptimeMillis);
}
public final boolean postAtTime(Runnable r, Object token, long uptimeMillis)
{
return sendMessageAtTime(getPostMessage(r, token), uptimeMillis);
}
public final boolean postDelayed(Runnable r, long delayMillis)
{
return sendMessageDelayed(getPostMessage(r), delayMillis);
}
public final boolean postAtFrontOfQueue(Runnable r)
{
return sendMessageAtFrontOfQueue(getPostMessage(r));
}
最终都集中到：
private boolean enqueueMessage(MessageQueue queue, Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
msg.target = this;
if (mAsynchronous) {
msg.setAsynchronous(true);
}
return queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);
}
这里个方法调用 MessageQueue 的 enqueueMessage() 方法。
处理消息的方法：
public interface Callback {
public boolean handleMessage(Message msg);
}
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
}
public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {
if (msg.callback != null) {
handleCallback(msg);
} else {
if (mCallback != null) {
if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {
return;
}
}
handleMessage(msg);
}
}
消息队列中的消息最终会在Looper.loop()中被取出，传入handler 的 dispatchMessage() 方法，然后会传入 handleMessage() 方法，我们重写 handleMessage() 方法就可以接收到 msg 信息了。
下面就来看看 MessageQueue 的源码
三、MessageQueue
boolean enqueueMessage(Message msg, long when) {
if (msg.target == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Message must have a target.");
}
if (msg.isInUse()) {
throw new IllegalStateException(msg + " This message is already in use.");
}
synchronized (this) {
if (mQuitting) {
IllegalStateException e = new IllegalStateException(
msg.target + " sending message to a Handler on a dead thread");
Log.w(TAG, e.getMessage(), e);
msg.recycle();
return false;
}
msg.markInUse();
msg.when = when;
//mMessages 记录链表第一个消息的变量
Message p = mMessages;
boolean needWake
//1、如果链表没有消息或者立即更新或者优先级更高，则插入链表头部
if (p == null || when == 0 || when < p.when) {
// New head, wake up the event queue if blocked.
msg.next = p;
mMessages = msg;
needWake = mBlocked;
} else {
// Inserted within the middle of the queue. Usually we don't have to wake
// up the event queue unless there is a barrier at the head of the queue
// and the message is the earliest asynchronous message in the queue.
needWake = mBlocked && p.target == null && msg.isAsynchronous();
Message prev;
// 2、循环找出 msg 在单链表中的位置
for (;;) {
prev = p;
p = p.next;
//3、没有下一个消息 或者 下一个msg的优先级低，找到了当前msg的位置（prev与p中间），跳出循环
if (p == null || when < p.when) {
break;
}
if (needWake && p.isAsynchronous()) {
needWake = false;
}
}
// 4、把 msg 插入 prev 与 p 中间
msg.next = p; // invariant: p == prev.next
prev.next = msg;
}
// We can assume mPtr != 0 because mQuitting is false.
if (needWake) {
nativeWake(mPtr);
}
}
return true;
}
这个方法把 message 加入队列。when 是消息的延迟执行时间，数值越小优先级越高，在单链表中越靠前，when == 0 也就是没有延迟，立即执行。
next():
Message next() {
// Return here if the message loop has already quit and been disposed.
// This can happen if the application tries to restart a looper after quit
// which is not supported.
final long ptr = mPtr;
if (ptr == 0) {
return null;
}
int pendingIdleHandlerCount = -1; // -1 only during first iteration
int nextPollTimeoutMillis = 0;
for (;;) {
if (nextPollTimeoutMillis != 0) {
Binder.flushPendingCommands();
}
nativePollOnce(ptr, nextPollTimeoutMillis);
synchronized (this) {
// Try to retrieve the next message. Return if found.
final long now = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
Message prevMsg = null;
Message msg = mMessages;
if (msg != null && msg.target == null) {
// Stalled by a barrier. Find the next asynchronous message in the queue.
do {
prevMsg = msg;
msg = msg.next;
} while (msg != null && !msg.isAsynchronous());
}
if (msg != null) {
if (now < msg.when) {
// Next message is not ready. Set a timeout to wake up when it is ready.
nextPollTimeoutMillis = (int) Math.min(msg.when - now, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
} else {
// Got a message.
mBlocked = false;
if (prevMsg != null) {
prevMsg.next = msg.next;
} else {
mMessages = msg.next;
}
msg.next = null;
if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "Returning message: " + msg);
msg.markInUse();
return msg;
}
} else {
// No more messages.
nextPollTimeoutMillis = -1;
}
// Process the quit message now that all pending messages have been handled.
if (mQuitting) {
dispose();
return null;
}
// If first time idle, then get the number of idlers to run.
// Idle handles only run if the queue is empty or if the first message
// in the queue (possibly a barrier) is due to be handled in the future.
if (pendingIdleHandlerCount < 0
&& (mMessages == null || now < mMessages.when)) {
pendingIdleHandlerCount = mIdleHandlers.size();
}
if (pendingIdleHandlerCount <= 0) {
// No idle handlers to run. Loop and wait some more.
mBlocked = true;
continue;
}
if (mPendingIdleHandlers == null) {
mPendingIdleHandlers = new IdleHandler[Math.max(pendingIdleHandlerCount, 4)];
}
mPendingIdleHandlers = mIdleHandlers.toArray(mPendingIdleHandlers);
}
// Run the idle handlers.
// We only ever reach this code block during the first iteration.
for (int i = 0; i < pendingIdleHandlerCount; i++) {
final IdleHandler idler = mPendingIdleHandlers[i];
mPendingIdleHandlers[i] = null; // release the reference to the handler
boolean keep = false;
try {
keep = idler.queueIdle();
} catch (Throwable t) {
Log.wtf(TAG, "IdleHandler threw exception", t);
}
if (!keep) {
synchronized (this) {
mIdleHandlers.remove(idler);
}
}
}
// Reset the idle handler count to 0 so we do not run them again.
pendingIdleHandlerCount = 0;
// While calling an idle handler, a new message could have been delivered
// so go back and look again for a pending message without waiting.
nextPollTimeoutMillis = 0;
}
}
无线for循环，从消息队列中获取可执行的 message
四、Message
成员变量：
public int what;
public int arg1;
public int arg2;
public Object obj;
int flags;
//消息的延迟执行时间（执行优先级），越小越靠前
long when;
Bundle data;
//发送当前消息的handler
Handler target;
Runnable callback;
//消息队列是一个单链表，这里用来记录当前消息的下一个消息
Message next;
消息池：
//锁
private static final Object sPoolSync = new Object();
//消息池中的最新空消息
private static Message sPool;
//消息池中消息数量
private static int sPoolSize = 0;
//消息池最大消息数量
private static final int MAX_POOL_SIZE = 50;
//获取消息（优先从消息池获取）
public static Message obtain() {
synchronized (sPoolSync) {
if (sPool != null) {
Message m = sPool;
sPool = m.next;
m.next = null;
m.flags = 0; // clear in-use flag
sPoolSize--;
return m;
}
}
return new Message();
}
// 回收消息，加入消息池
void recycleUnchecked() {
// Mark the message as in use while it remains in the recycled object pool.
// Clear out all other details.
flags = FLAG_IN_USE;
what = 0;
arg1 = 0;
arg2 = 0;
obj = null;
replyTo = null;
sendingUid = -1;
when = 0;
target = null;
callback = null;
data = null;
synchronized (sPoolSync) {
if (sPoolSize < MAX_POOL_SIZE) {
next = sPool;
sPool = this;
sPoolSize++;
}
}
}
总结：
- 1、MessageQueue 在 Looper 的构造方法中初始化并保存在 Looper 中。
- 2、prepare() 静态方法中实例化 Looper 对象并保存在 ThreadLocal 中，调用之前会检测是否已经初始化过了，多次初始化会报错。
- 3、程序入口 ActivityThread 的 main() 方法中会调用 prepareMainLooper() 方法初始化主线程的 Looper，其对象 sMainLooper 会一直保存在 Looper 中。
- 4、ActivityThread 的 main() 方法紧接着调用 loop() 方法无线循环遍历消息队列，主线程处理接受的消息开始工作。
- 5、handler 所有方法发送的消息都会在 enqueueMessage() 方法中调用 MessageQueue 的 enqueueMessage() 方法加入队列。
- 6、所有延迟消息延迟的时间会转换 SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + delayMillis，然后存储在 Message 的 when 中，用来做为加入消息链表位置已经执行时机的判断。
ps:判断主线程被阻塞的地方：
ActivityManagerService.java
public boolean inputDispatchingTimedOut(final ProcessRecord proc,
final ActivityRecord activity, final ActivityRecord parent,
final boolean aboveSystem, String reason) {
if (checkCallingPermission(android.Manifest.permission.FILTER_EVENTS)
!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
throw new SecurityException("Requires permission "
+ android.Manifest.permission.FILTER_EVENTS);
}
final String annotation;
if (reason == null) {
annotation = "Input dispatching timed out";
} else {
annotation = "Input dispatching timed out (" + reason + ")";
}
if (proc != null) {
synchronized (this) {
if (proc.debugging) {
return false;
}
if (proc.instr != null) {
Bundle info = new Bundle();
info.putString("shortMsg", "keyDispatchingTimedOut");
info.putString("longMsg", annotation);
finishInstrumentationLocked(proc, Activity.RESULT_CANCELED, info);
return true;
}
}
// 主线程被阻塞
mHandler.post(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
mAppErrors.appNotResponding(proc, activity, parent, aboveSystem, annotation);
}
});
}
return true;
}
更新 UI 线程检测：
ViewRootImpl.java
void checkThread() {
if (mThread != Thread.currentThread()) {
throw new CalledFromWrongThreadException(
"Only the original thread that created a view hierarchy can touch its views.");
}
}
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