oracle10g和11g关于角色口令的区别

最新推荐文章于 2021-02-08 11:04:26 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2021-02-08 11:04:26 发布

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分类专栏： ORACLE日常管理文章标签：数据库

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角色是一组相关权限的命名集合，使用角色最主要的目的是简化权限管理

而一旦这个集合的权限超过了用户的最低需求，就可能带来数据库的安全风险

角色口令测试

oracle 10g中，无论角色是否有口令，只要你将角色grant给某个用户，那么，默认的情况下，这些角色中的权限，用户都拥有。

oracle 11g中，角色的口令略有修正，当某个角色是拥有口令的话，当你将带有口令的角色 grant 给某个用户的话，那么默认的情况

下，这个带口令的角色下的所有权限，用户是无法拥有的，只有当 set 那个拥有口令的角色后，那么，带口令的

角色下的权限才在当前会话下才可以使用，不过，其他的角色都暂时失效，修改只在当前会话有效。

语法：               ------只在当前会话有效

SET ROLE

   { role [ IDENTIFIED BY password ]
     [, role [ IDENTIFIED BY password ] ]...
   | ALL [ EXCEPT role [, role ]... ]
   | NONE
   } ;

oracle 10g 中测试带口令的角色

SYS@ORCL>select * from v$version;

BANNER
----------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Prod
PL/SQL Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
CORE 10.2.0.1.0 Production
TNS for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

1. 创建两个角色 role_01 没有密码 role_02 有密码

SYS@ORCL>create role role_01;

Role created.

SYS@ORCL>create role role_02 identified by oracle;

Role created.

2. 赋予角色 role_01 连接、建表权限
SYS@ORCL>grant connect,create table to role_01;

Grant succeeded.

3. 赋予角色 role_02 连接、创建视图权限
SYS@ORCL>grant connect,create view to role_02;

Grant succeeded.

4. 创建测试用户 tyger
SYS@ORCL>create user tyger identified by tyger quota unlimited on users;

User created.

5. 将两个角色赋予tyger
SYS@ORCL>grant role_01,role_02 to tyger;

Grant succeeded.

6. 连接到用户测试
SYS@ORCL>conn tyger/tyger
Connected.
TYGER@ORCL>create table t(x int);

Table created.

TYGER@ORCL>insert into t values(1);

1 row created.

TYGER@ORCL>commit;

Commit complete.

TYGER@ORCL>select * from t;

X
----------
1

TYGER@ORCL>create view view_t as select * from t;

View created.

TYGER@ORCL>select * from tab;

TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID
------------------------------ ------- ----------
VIEW_T VIEW
T TABLE

7. 查看当前用户的角色，两个角色的 DEFAULT_ROLE 都为 YES 说明，这两个角色都生效
TYGER@ORCL>desc user_role_privs;
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
USERNAME VARCHAR2(30)
GRANTED_ROLE VARCHAR2(30)
ADMIN_OPTION VARCHAR2(3)
DEFAULT_ROLE VARCHAR2(3)
OS_GRANTED VARCHAR2(3)

TYGER@ORCL>col username for a10
TYGER@ORCL>col granted_role for a20
TYGER@ORCL>col default_role for a20
TYGER@ORCL>select username,granted_role,default_role from user_role_privs;

USERNAME GRANTED_ROLE DEFAULT_ROLE
---------- -------------------- --------------------
TYGER ROLE_01 YES
TYGER ROLE_02 YES

8. 查看当前会话具有的权限
TYGER@ORCL>select * from session_privs;

PRIVILEGE
----------------------------------------
CREATE SESSION
CREATE TABLE
CREATE VIEW

9. set 的应用 ----set 在当前会话中设置角色状态
TYGER@ORCL>set role ROLE_01;

Role set.

10. 查看当前用户的角色，没变化
TYGER@ORCL>select username,granted_role,default_role from user_role_privs;

USERNAME GRANTED_ROLE DEFAULT_ROLE
---------- -------------------- --------------------
TYGER ROLE_01 YES
TYGER ROLE_02 YES

11. 查看当前会话权限，已经没有 create view 权限，原因：set role role_01 只有role_01 在当前会话生效
TYGER@ORCL>select * from session_privs;

PRIVILEGE
----------------------------------------
CREATE SESSION
CREATE TABLE

TYGER@ORCL>create view view_2 as select * from t;
create view view_2 as select * from t
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges

12. 同样使 role_02 生效，同时 role_01 失效，不过设置的时候需要我们提供密码，因为我们创建角色时使用了密码
TYGER@ORCL>set role role_02;
set role role_02
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01979: missing or invalid password for role 'ROLE_02'

TYGER@ORCL>set role role_02 identified by oracle;

Role set.

13. 查看当前用户所拥有的权限，还是没变化
TYGER@ORCL>select username,granted_role,default_role from user_role_privs;

USERNAME GRANTED_ROLE DEFAULT_ROLE
---------- -------------------- --------------------
TYGER ROLE_01 YES
TYGER ROLE_02 YES

14. 查看当前会话的权限，已经没有 create table 权限
TYGER@ORCL>select * from session_privs;

PRIVILEGE
----------------------------------------
CREATE SESSION
CREATE VIEW

TYGER@ORCL>create table t1(x int);
create table t1(x int)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges

15. 重新登录会话，连接用户所有权限都恢复原样
TYGER@ORCL>conn tyger/tyger;
Connected.
TYGER@ORCL>select * from session_privs;

PRIVILEGE
----------------------------------------
CREATE SESSION
CREATE TABLE
CREATE VIEW

总结：在oracle 10g 无论角色是否有口令，将角色赋予给用户后，用户具有角色的全部权限。

oracle 11g 中测试拥有口令的角色

[oracle@ora11gr2 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Mar 19 15:28:13 2014

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SYS@ORA11G>select * from v$version;

BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
CORE 11.2.0.1.0 Production
TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

1. 创建角色 tyger_ro1 无密码 tyger_ro2 有密码
SYS@ORA11G>create role tyger_ro1;

Role created.

SYS@ORA11G>create role tyger_ro2 identified by oracle;

Role created.

SYS@ORA11G>grant connect,create table to tyger_ro1;

Grant succeeded.

SYS@ORA11G>grant connect,create view to tyger_ro2;

Grant succeeded.

SYS@ORA11G>create user tyger identified by tyger quota unlimited on users;

User created.

SYS@ORA11G>grant tyger_ro1,tyger_ro2 to tyger;

Grant succeeded.

SYS@ORA11G>conn tyger/tyger
Connected.
TYGER@ORA11G>create table t(x int);

Table created.

TYGER@ORA11G>insert into t values(1);

1 row created.

TYGER@ORA11G>commit;

Commit complete.

2. 此时就出现问题了，role_02 明明有 create view 而且赋予给了 tyger 为什么这里就没有呢？
TYGER@ORA11G>create view view_t as select * from t;
create view view_t as select * from t
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges

3. 查看 tyger_ro2 的default_role 为NO 难道 role_02 角色失效？？？
TYGER@ORA11G>col username for a10
TYGER@ORA11G>col granted_role for a20
TYGER@ORA11G>col default_role for a20
TYGER@ORA11G>select username,granted_role,default_role from user_role_privs;

USERNAME GRANTED_ROLE DEFAULT_ROLE
---------- -------------------- --------------------
TYGER TYGER_RO1 YES
TYGER TYGER_RO2 NO

4. 再查看当前会话的权限，果然没有 create view 权限
TYGER@ORA11G>select * from session_privs;

PRIVILEGE
----------------------------------------
CREATE SESSION
CREATE TABLE

5. 设置 tyger_ro2 权限生效
TYGER@ORA11G>set role tyger_ro2 identified by oracle;

Role set.

6. 当前用户具有的权限不变
TYGER@ORA11G>select username,granted_role,default_role from user_role_privs;

USERNAME GRANTED_ROLE DEFAULT_ROLE
---------- -------------------- --------------------
TYGER TYGER_RO1 YES
TYGER TYGER_RO2 NO

7.当前会话用了 create view 权限却没有了create table 权限
TYGER@ORA11G>select * from session_privs;

PRIVILEGE
----------------------------------------
CREATE SESSION
CREATE VIEW

TYGER@ORA11G>create view view_t as select * from t;

View created.

TYGER@ORA11G>select * from tab;

TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID
------------------------------ ------- ----------
T TABLE
VIEW_T VIEW

TYGER@ORA11G>create table t1(x int);
create table t1(x int)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges

8. 重新登录会话，权限恢复原样

TYGER@ORA11G>conn tyger/tyger
Connected.
TYGER@ORA11G>create table t1(x int);

Table created.

TYGER@ORA11G>select username,granted_role,default_role from user_role_privs;

USERNAME GRANTED_ROLE DEFAULT_ROLE
---------- -------------------- --------------------
TYGER TYGER_RO1 YES
TYGER TYGER_RO2 NO

总结：

在oracle 11g 中，带有口令的角色赋予用户，默认情况下是失效的，当 set role 生效后，其他角色所具有的权限失效，只在当前会话有效

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oracle10g和11g关于角色口令的区别

角色是一组相关权限的命名集合，使用角色最主要的目的是简化权限管理而一旦这个集合的权限超过了用户的最低需求，就可能带来数据库的安全风险角色口令测试oracle 10g中，无论角色是否有口令，只要你将角色grant给某个用户，那么，默认的情况下，这些角色中的权限，用户都拥有。oracle 11g中，角色的口令略有修正，当某个角色是拥有口令的话，当你将带有口令的角色 grant 给某个...
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